Prescription PolicyAt Advanced Animal Care Center, it is our policy to take every possible step to ensure that our patients receive the very best pharmaceutical products available. Veterinarians are required to have a valid client/patient/veterinarian relationship in order to prescribe certain medications for patients. We carry a number of prescription products, veterinary ‘prescription diets’ and products labeled by the manufacturer ‘for sale by licensed veterinarians only’. We try to balance the convenience for you of having the product available here with the costs of having such inventory and our profiting from the sale of these products. We try to keep our prices within reason, but as a business, we have costs to cover to provide the products and product use information to you. In order to avoid any misconceptions, we have established the following prescription policy.
If you wish, we will gladly write prescriptions for your pet in lieu of selling them here so that you have a choice in where you have your prescriptions filled. We do, however wish for your decision to be an informed decision, and want you to know several things regarding prescription sales through some other sources:
1. All major manufacturers (Novartis, Pfizer, Bayer, Merial, etc) of veterinary specific products (Interceptor®, Sentinel®, Frontline®, Rimadyl®, Anipryl®, Metacam®, Heartgard® to name a few) maintain a policy of sales exclusively through licensed veterinarians
2. All or most catalogue/online sources cannot obtain specific veterinary products directly from the manufacturer. They have been known to twist their words about where they obtained their product. They may report the product is from X manufacturer. They do not say they purchased from the manufacturer.
3. All or most catalogue/online source sales of these products/medications are through non-approved channels.
4. All or most catalogue/online sources will not divulge from whom they are purchasing their veterinary specific products.
5. Most guarantees that manufacturers make regarding their products are null and void if their products are obtained through non-approved channels. This includes the guarantee
reimbursement programs for flea control, as well as all heartworm and intestinal parasite claims.
6. Pharmaceuticals manufactured and labeled for use in other countries (namely Australia) have been illegally diverted and sold through these discount houses in the United States.
7. Counterfeit products have been produced.
8. Some discount houses have been cited by the FDA and State Boards of Pharmacy for violating prescribing procedures. PetMedExpress (a.k.a. SaveMax), in particular, was recently fined over $100,000.00 by the FDA and Florida Department of Health. This particular discount house has also recently been sued by the Texas Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners and the Texas Pharmacy Board.
9. PetMedExpress has deceptive advertising, as many times our prices are LOWER than or comparable to their prices.
10. PetMedExpress in particular at times has been aggressive and rude when they have called us. They have called multiple times after we declined authorizing prescriptions. They have wasted our time and upset our staff. They have called even after we requested they never call us again. They have tried to get us to authorize medications for pets we have no current client/patient/veterinarian relationship with.
11. Our products come with a person to help you utilize them in the most efficient manner. For example, we do not charge for recheck exams/consults for flea control if a prescription flea control product was purchased here. We will help you learn to apply product properly.
12. Shipping charges, delays, mis-shipments, and damaged products are several of the reasons that many clients feel that the hassles of dealing with the catalogue houses are not worth the savings.
13. Although the discount houses have concluded their business with you after you pay, we keep records for your specific pet, medication, dose and dosage instructions as well as refill information and requirements, regardless of where you choose to purchase the product. We keep records for at least 3 years after the last time we see the pet.
If you prefer to purchase your products at catalogue/online houses, we will gladly write prescriptions for these products according to the following guidelines:
1. All state and federal prescribing laws apply the same as if you purchase it here. (Some of the discount houses have not always followed the federal and/or state laws, but trust them at your own risk.)
2. We will write one prescription per medication per pet per 6 months at no charge. You must pick up this prescription in person. You are responsible for sending the prescription in to your choice of pharmacies. If this prescription is lost or filled improperly by the catalog house, additional copies will be provided to you at a bookkeeping fee of $15.00.
3. If you require having the prescription rewritten, a bookkeeping fee of $15.00 will apply.
4. To avoid any potential doctor-patient confidentiality issues, we will not communicate with the discount house in any form or fashion. We will not fax, or return faxes to them. We will not accept their phone calls.
5. It is your responsibility to ensure that the prescription is sent, filled, labeled, shipped, and used correctly. The discount houses have a reputation for poor customer service, and we cannot be expected to take the time to oversee their operations and shortcomings. We cannot be responsible if they send counterfeit or unauthorized products to you.
6. We will not become involved in any product failure issues for products purchased through these discount houses. This includes any prescription or nonprescription products. If you change your mind after we have written a prescription ‘script’ for you, we will be unable to fill the prescription for you here until you return the actual prescription form to us.
Friday, May 29, 2009
Thursday, May 28, 2009
Is your dog itchy and scratching?
Advanced Animal Care Center
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
Itching and Allergy in Dogs
Coping with an itchy pet can be an extremely frustrating experience for you, the pet owner, and can truly test the limits of the human-animal bond. Persistent scratching and chewing by the pet can also result in self-excoriation and open wounds. The following information is intended to provide the pet owner with a basic understanding of the most common underlying causes of itching and allergies in small animals.
The Most Common Causes of Chronic Itching
The common causes fall into two groups: external parasites and allergies. External parasites that most commonly cause chronic itching dermatitis include fleas and sarcoptic mange. We often recommend therapeutic trials for sarcoptic mange in chronically and severely itchy dogs. We always recommend stepped-up flea control and monitoring for fleas, as flea infestation can really make allergy worse!
What are Allergies?
Allergy is a state of hypersensitivity in which exposure to a harmless substance known as an allergen induces the body’s immune system to “overreact.” The incidence of allergies is increasing in both humans and their pets. People with allergies usually have “hay fever” (watery eyes, runny nose and sneezing) or asthma. While dogs can rarely also have respiratory allergies, more commonly they experience the effects of allergic hypersensitivities as skin problems. Though there are a variety of presentations, this can often be seen as redness and itching, recurring skin or ear infections, and hair loss. This is sometimes called eczema or atopic dermatitis.
What are the Major Types of Allergies in Dogs?
Flea AllergyFlea allergic dermatitis is the most common skin disease in dogs and cats. For the flea allergic patient, 100% flea control is essential for the pet to remain symptom-free.
“But doctor, I never see fleas on my pet.”
You may not see them, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t there. The allergy is caused by the flea’s saliva, and it only takes a few bites to induce the problem. Also, the itchy pet often scratches so much that adult fleas are removed, making them hard to find.
“If fleas are the problem, why is my pet still itchy in the winter?”
In warm climates or in our homes, fleas may survive in low numbers year-round. Because flea allergy is so common, we recommend that complete flea control be instituted before proceeding with diagnostics for other allergies and that year-round flea control be maintained for all allergy patients.
Food Allergy
Some pets develop specific hypersensitivities to components of their diets. The allergen usually is a major protein or carbohydrate ingredient such as beef, chicken, pork, corn, wheat, or soy. Minor ingredients such as preservatives or dyes are also potential allergens. The diagnosis of food allergy requires that we test your pet by feeding special strict diets that contain only ingredients that he has never eaten before. This is often achieved by feeding a prescription diet for a period of 10 to 16 weeks. If the signs resolve, a challenge is performed by feeding the former diet and watching for a return of the itching. If this occurs, a diagnosis of food allergy is confirmed.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inherited predisposition to develop skin problems from exposure to variety of commonplace and otherwise harmless substances including the pollens of weeds, grasses and trees, as well as house dust mites and mold spores. Diagnosis of AD is made based on the results of intradermal skin testing or by in vitro blood testing. Evaluating the results of these tests helps us compile a list of allergens for a “vaccine” to decrease the pet’s sensitivity. Sometimes multiple skin and/or blood tests are necessary to accurately assess the patient’s allergies.
Secondary Infections
Allergies are often the underlying cause of recurring skin and/or ear infections. Bacterial and yeast infections, though secondary to the allergy, can cause an increase in your pet’s level of itching. Long-term treatment with antibiotics and anti-yeast medications is commonly required, along with medicated bathing programs.
Can Allergies be Cured?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for allergy and it is usually a life-long problem. We seek to control allergies and improve the quality of life for both you and your pet. We will formulate the best program of management that suits all involved with your pet’s care.
Can I have the Itching Treated without the Expense of Diagnostic Testing?
Symptomatic drug therapy can help to reduce itching. Steroids, such as prednisone tablets in particular, are often employed to stop the itch. However, without addressing the underlying cause, the itching will return. Long-term use of steroids can result in many health problems. This is the reason that we encourage diagnosis of the underlying cause of the allergy and more specific or less potentially harmful treatments.
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
Itching and Allergy in Dogs
Coping with an itchy pet can be an extremely frustrating experience for you, the pet owner, and can truly test the limits of the human-animal bond. Persistent scratching and chewing by the pet can also result in self-excoriation and open wounds. The following information is intended to provide the pet owner with a basic understanding of the most common underlying causes of itching and allergies in small animals.
The Most Common Causes of Chronic Itching
The common causes fall into two groups: external parasites and allergies. External parasites that most commonly cause chronic itching dermatitis include fleas and sarcoptic mange. We often recommend therapeutic trials for sarcoptic mange in chronically and severely itchy dogs. We always recommend stepped-up flea control and monitoring for fleas, as flea infestation can really make allergy worse!
What are Allergies?
Allergy is a state of hypersensitivity in which exposure to a harmless substance known as an allergen induces the body’s immune system to “overreact.” The incidence of allergies is increasing in both humans and their pets. People with allergies usually have “hay fever” (watery eyes, runny nose and sneezing) or asthma. While dogs can rarely also have respiratory allergies, more commonly they experience the effects of allergic hypersensitivities as skin problems. Though there are a variety of presentations, this can often be seen as redness and itching, recurring skin or ear infections, and hair loss. This is sometimes called eczema or atopic dermatitis.
What are the Major Types of Allergies in Dogs?
Flea AllergyFlea allergic dermatitis is the most common skin disease in dogs and cats. For the flea allergic patient, 100% flea control is essential for the pet to remain symptom-free.
“But doctor, I never see fleas on my pet.”
You may not see them, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t there. The allergy is caused by the flea’s saliva, and it only takes a few bites to induce the problem. Also, the itchy pet often scratches so much that adult fleas are removed, making them hard to find.
“If fleas are the problem, why is my pet still itchy in the winter?”
In warm climates or in our homes, fleas may survive in low numbers year-round. Because flea allergy is so common, we recommend that complete flea control be instituted before proceeding with diagnostics for other allergies and that year-round flea control be maintained for all allergy patients.
Food Allergy
Some pets develop specific hypersensitivities to components of their diets. The allergen usually is a major protein or carbohydrate ingredient such as beef, chicken, pork, corn, wheat, or soy. Minor ingredients such as preservatives or dyes are also potential allergens. The diagnosis of food allergy requires that we test your pet by feeding special strict diets that contain only ingredients that he has never eaten before. This is often achieved by feeding a prescription diet for a period of 10 to 16 weeks. If the signs resolve, a challenge is performed by feeding the former diet and watching for a return of the itching. If this occurs, a diagnosis of food allergy is confirmed.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inherited predisposition to develop skin problems from exposure to variety of commonplace and otherwise harmless substances including the pollens of weeds, grasses and trees, as well as house dust mites and mold spores. Diagnosis of AD is made based on the results of intradermal skin testing or by in vitro blood testing. Evaluating the results of these tests helps us compile a list of allergens for a “vaccine” to decrease the pet’s sensitivity. Sometimes multiple skin and/or blood tests are necessary to accurately assess the patient’s allergies.
Secondary Infections
Allergies are often the underlying cause of recurring skin and/or ear infections. Bacterial and yeast infections, though secondary to the allergy, can cause an increase in your pet’s level of itching. Long-term treatment with antibiotics and anti-yeast medications is commonly required, along with medicated bathing programs.
Can Allergies be Cured?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for allergy and it is usually a life-long problem. We seek to control allergies and improve the quality of life for both you and your pet. We will formulate the best program of management that suits all involved with your pet’s care.
Can I have the Itching Treated without the Expense of Diagnostic Testing?
Symptomatic drug therapy can help to reduce itching. Steroids, such as prednisone tablets in particular, are often employed to stop the itch. However, without addressing the underlying cause, the itching will return. Long-term use of steroids can result in many health problems. This is the reason that we encourage diagnosis of the underlying cause of the allergy and more specific or less potentially harmful treatments.
Wednesday, May 27, 2009
Is your dog eating grass?
There’s a lot of debate about why dogs eat grass. Some dogs seem to act like mini lawnmowers, eating grass at every opportunity. Others dogs eat grass only occasionally, subsequently throwing it up.
So do dogs eat grass to throw up? This is a debatable issue. This wisegeek author has observed her dog fling himself at the door to get out to grass and eat a few mouthfuls, usually when his stomach is upset. He also appears to do it when he has something stuck in his throat. The end goal of the dog seems to be to throw up.
There actually appears to be two types of grass eating behavior in dogs. Some dogs take a few nibbles, while others eat quickly, barely chewing the grass. Unchewed grass often translates to near instant vomiting. Dogs that are careful grazers, on the other hand, may not get sick from grass.
The latter case suggests that some dogs eat grass because they enjoy it. Most dogs don’t need it to supplement their diets, but because dog diets are primarily made up of herbivores, that grassy taste may be reminiscent of the cattle or lamb product they had for dinner. Some dogs also enjoy green vegetables like broccoli.
If your dogs eat grass on a regular basis, this could suggest dietary imbalance, though many vets might dismiss it. You may want to consider giving the dogs some green vegetables if they appear to want “something green.” Cooking the vegetables first may make them more digestible, resulting in less vomiting.
It’s also important to be careful when your dogs eat grass regularly. Grass from manicured lawns can contain fertilizers and pesticides, which can be toxic to dogs. Instead of allowing “grazing” behavior on lawns, consider providing some doggy grass at home that is not treated with chemicals. Also, if your dogs eat grass all the time, don’t walk them on lawns that have been recently treated with chemicals. Most of these chemicals will break down in a few days, but during the first day or two after treatment, grass-eating behavior could translate to more than tummy upset.
If your dogs eat grass as a new behavior, and are exhibiting frequent vomiting, it’s also important to check with a vet. A dog that suddenly begins to have a taste for grass may be trying to compensate for gastrointestinal problems. This could signify viral or bacterial infections and might require veterinary treatment. On the other hand, when dogs eat grass only occasionally, you can chalk this up to normal canine behavior. A mouthful of grass or two may mean cleaning up some nasty dog messes, but it is unlikely to signify poor dietary health or illness.
So do dogs eat grass to throw up? This is a debatable issue. This wisegeek author has observed her dog fling himself at the door to get out to grass and eat a few mouthfuls, usually when his stomach is upset. He also appears to do it when he has something stuck in his throat. The end goal of the dog seems to be to throw up.
There actually appears to be two types of grass eating behavior in dogs. Some dogs take a few nibbles, while others eat quickly, barely chewing the grass. Unchewed grass often translates to near instant vomiting. Dogs that are careful grazers, on the other hand, may not get sick from grass.
The latter case suggests that some dogs eat grass because they enjoy it. Most dogs don’t need it to supplement their diets, but because dog diets are primarily made up of herbivores, that grassy taste may be reminiscent of the cattle or lamb product they had for dinner. Some dogs also enjoy green vegetables like broccoli.
If your dogs eat grass on a regular basis, this could suggest dietary imbalance, though many vets might dismiss it. You may want to consider giving the dogs some green vegetables if they appear to want “something green.” Cooking the vegetables first may make them more digestible, resulting in less vomiting.
It’s also important to be careful when your dogs eat grass regularly. Grass from manicured lawns can contain fertilizers and pesticides, which can be toxic to dogs. Instead of allowing “grazing” behavior on lawns, consider providing some doggy grass at home that is not treated with chemicals. Also, if your dogs eat grass all the time, don’t walk them on lawns that have been recently treated with chemicals. Most of these chemicals will break down in a few days, but during the first day or two after treatment, grass-eating behavior could translate to more than tummy upset.
If your dogs eat grass as a new behavior, and are exhibiting frequent vomiting, it’s also important to check with a vet. A dog that suddenly begins to have a taste for grass may be trying to compensate for gastrointestinal problems. This could signify viral or bacterial infections and might require veterinary treatment. On the other hand, when dogs eat grass only occasionally, you can chalk this up to normal canine behavior. A mouthful of grass or two may mean cleaning up some nasty dog messes, but it is unlikely to signify poor dietary health or illness.
Paw Power
Contact : Michel Selmer, DVM
Telephone: (631) 367-7387
E-mail: drselmer@optonline.net
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
LONG ISLAND’S MOBILE ANIMAL CARE UNIT
Did you know? Scientific research says that including a pet as a part of your family brings huge health benefits, especially for those of us over 65 years of age. Here are a few of the results from these studies:
The simple act of holding an animal can relieve symptoms of depression, lower blood pressure, and even decrease surgical patients’ healing times.
The long-term survival rates of heart attack victims who had a pet are significantly longer than for those who did not.
Widows who have cats are better off medically during their first year, which is a critical stress time, than widows who do not.
Pet owners have lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels than non-owners.
One year after having a myocardial infarction, dog owners were more likely to still be living.
Dog walking, pet grooming, and even petting provide increased physical activity that strengthens the heart, improves blood circulation, and slows the loss of bone tissue.
The most serious disease for older persons is not cancer or heart disease — it’s loneliness. Love is the most important health tonic we have, and pets are one of nature’s best sources of love.
Seniors – and the majority of pet owners – typically are unable to provide lifetime care for their pets. Advanced Animal Care Center concentrates our efforts towards providing seniors with an opportunity to ensure the appropriate care for their animal companions.
Telephone: (631) 367-7387
E-mail: drselmer@optonline.net
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
LONG ISLAND’S MOBILE ANIMAL CARE UNIT
Did you know? Scientific research says that including a pet as a part of your family brings huge health benefits, especially for those of us over 65 years of age. Here are a few of the results from these studies:
The simple act of holding an animal can relieve symptoms of depression, lower blood pressure, and even decrease surgical patients’ healing times.
The long-term survival rates of heart attack victims who had a pet are significantly longer than for those who did not.
Widows who have cats are better off medically during their first year, which is a critical stress time, than widows who do not.
Pet owners have lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels than non-owners.
One year after having a myocardial infarction, dog owners were more likely to still be living.
Dog walking, pet grooming, and even petting provide increased physical activity that strengthens the heart, improves blood circulation, and slows the loss of bone tissue.
The most serious disease for older persons is not cancer or heart disease — it’s loneliness. Love is the most important health tonic we have, and pets are one of nature’s best sources of love.
Seniors – and the majority of pet owners – typically are unable to provide lifetime care for their pets. Advanced Animal Care Center concentrates our efforts towards providing seniors with an opportunity to ensure the appropriate care for their animal companions.
Friday, May 22, 2009
Memorial Day Weekend and Your Pets
The weekend that kicks off summer, vacations, and fun in the sun can be stressful and irritating not only to you, but also to your pets.
It is one of the busiest weekends for travel, BBQ’s and other celebrations.
Please take these safety tips into consideration when planning your fun.
If traveling with your pet, take identification for them and their health records.
If you are having guests and your dog roams freely throughout the house and the backyard, make sure they will be relaxed with lots of other people at your house. If your dog is stressed by the noise and amount of people, they may try and dig out of the backyard which could lead to horrible consequences like getting hit by a car or running away forever.
Remember that dogs can suffer heat stroke just like humans. Make sure your pet has a comfortable place to get out of the sun, rain, or other types of weather.
Please remember your pet’s sensitive stomach and even though it’s a holiday, keep them on their regular diet. Many foods can upset them and are just plain poisonous.
If you need too travel without your pet, there are many quality pet sitting services available, pre-screened, background checked sitters and dog walkers also offers affordable pet sitting and house sitting.
Take your vet's phone number with you. If you're going someplace involving hiking or the great outdoors, call your vet ahead of time to make sure you are adequately prepared for all conditions (heartworm medication, flea treatment, etc).
Make sure your pet's ID tags are current! I cannot stress this enough - if you and your pet become separated for any reason, your current phone number on the pet's tag is vital. Trust me on this one. You'll thank me.
Have appropriately strong leashes and harnesses available to you. If one leash breaks, you'll have a backup. Or, if you're a diva like my dog, you'll want options depending upon mood and color choice for the day.
Pack plenty of water, and have an easy way to dispense it to your pet. I have a hiking water bottle made for dogs which comes with its own little plastic trough, creating an easy drinking solution.
Plan rest stop visits into your trip - remember, pets have smaller bladders than we do. Hard to believe in my case, but true.
Seal your pet food tightly. Critters will find pet food a unique delight - an airtight container will be your best bet.
Never, ever leave your pet in the car for extended periods of time. It's hot! Warm weather is upon us, and your pet will suffer needlessly if left in the car for an extended length of time.
Summer is officially here so let’s kick it off right and have a safe and joyful holiday weekend for your pets!
It is one of the busiest weekends for travel, BBQ’s and other celebrations.
Please take these safety tips into consideration when planning your fun.
If traveling with your pet, take identification for them and their health records.
If you are having guests and your dog roams freely throughout the house and the backyard, make sure they will be relaxed with lots of other people at your house. If your dog is stressed by the noise and amount of people, they may try and dig out of the backyard which could lead to horrible consequences like getting hit by a car or running away forever.
Remember that dogs can suffer heat stroke just like humans. Make sure your pet has a comfortable place to get out of the sun, rain, or other types of weather.
Please remember your pet’s sensitive stomach and even though it’s a holiday, keep them on their regular diet. Many foods can upset them and are just plain poisonous.
If you need too travel without your pet, there are many quality pet sitting services available, pre-screened, background checked sitters and dog walkers also offers affordable pet sitting and house sitting.
Take your vet's phone number with you. If you're going someplace involving hiking or the great outdoors, call your vet ahead of time to make sure you are adequately prepared for all conditions (heartworm medication, flea treatment, etc).
Make sure your pet's ID tags are current! I cannot stress this enough - if you and your pet become separated for any reason, your current phone number on the pet's tag is vital. Trust me on this one. You'll thank me.
Have appropriately strong leashes and harnesses available to you. If one leash breaks, you'll have a backup. Or, if you're a diva like my dog, you'll want options depending upon mood and color choice for the day.
Pack plenty of water, and have an easy way to dispense it to your pet. I have a hiking water bottle made for dogs which comes with its own little plastic trough, creating an easy drinking solution.
Plan rest stop visits into your trip - remember, pets have smaller bladders than we do. Hard to believe in my case, but true.
Seal your pet food tightly. Critters will find pet food a unique delight - an airtight container will be your best bet.
Never, ever leave your pet in the car for extended periods of time. It's hot! Warm weather is upon us, and your pet will suffer needlessly if left in the car for an extended length of time.
Summer is officially here so let’s kick it off right and have a safe and joyful holiday weekend for your pets!
Behavior Problems?
Advanced Animal Care Center
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS OF BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS
What makes a pet misbehave?
Behavior problems can be due to medical or behavioral causes, or both. A clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing will help determine if there are underlying medical conditions contributing to the problem. Although there may be a single cause for a behavior problem, it is often the combined effect of the environment and learning on the pet’s mental and physical health that determines behavior.
For example, the pet that is fearful of children may become more reactive, irritable, and aggressive as conditions such as dental problems, arthritis or anal sacculitis make the pet more uncomfortable, painful or less mobile.
Another example is the cat that has been exposed to other cats roaming across its territory, but only begins to mark when it developed an overactive thyroid at 10 years of age. Correcting the thyroid problem as well as behavior modification techniques can resolve this problem.
What are some behavioral causes?
Any change in the environment or daily routine may contribute to the emergence of behavior problems. For example, schedule changes, a new member of the household (baby, spouse), moving, illness or injury of a family member, loss of a family member or another pet, or the addition of a new pet can have a dramatic impact on behavior. Medical or degenerative changes associated with aging may cause the pet to be even more sensitive to these environmental changes.
Learning (e.g. reinforcement, punishment) also plays a role in virtually every behavior problem. When a pet’s actions result in unpleasant consequences (e.g. punishment), the chances of repeating the behavior will decrease. Punishment might be the application of something unpleasant or the removal of something good (i.e. petting stops if you do that behavior). If a behavior is followed by pleasant consequences such as obtaining food, attention, or affection (rewards), the behavior is likely to be repeated (positive reinforcement). These consequences could be administered unintentionally by the owners, as when the owner gives a reward following a behavior, or obtained by the pet itself through its actions (as when the pet gets a favored treat when rolling around its feeding toy. Although in practice the goal would be to use rewards to encourage desirable behavior, many undesirable behaviors are encouraged because of rewards such as the owner who allows the dog into the house to stop the dog from barking, or when the dog finds leftovers in the garbage. Another very powerful form of learning is that of negative reinforcement where the pet’s behavior is reinforced because something pleasant or undesirable has been removed. This might be the case when a dog exhibits aggression and the stimulus (person, other animal) retreats. It can be difficult to determine what might be reinforcing a behavior, but if a behavior is ongoing, then (from the pet’s perspective) reinforcement is operating to maintain the problem behavior.
What role does genetics and early experience have in the development of behavior problems?
Some of the most important causes of behavioral problems, and the ones that might be most difficult to improve, are genetic factors that influence or even dictate the pet’s response to stimuli, and the environment that the pet experienced during its most sensitive periods of development including a) the socialization period from 3 to 12 weeks b) prenatal and neonatal experiences and c) secondary socialization and development through to maturity. Lack of stimulation, lack of handling, lack of exposure, insufficient socialization, and particularly stressful or traumatic events can have a major impact on the pet’s behavior.
What tests can be done to determine a behavioral cause?
A good history is one of the most important means of determining the cause of a behavioral problem. This involves an in depth analysis of the pet’s medical and behavioral history including any training, as well as the circumstances surrounding the problem itself. Daily interactions with the pet and any changes in schedule need to be explored. Often the event that precipitated the behavioral change may be different from that which maintains it. If you can catch the problem on videotape, this can be a valuable diagnostic aid for the veterinarian Perhaps the most important element in determining the cause of the problem and what diagnostic workup might be needed will be the clinical signs that you report. Since we cannot ask the pet how it is feeling or if anything hurts, we will need to find out from you, the pet owner, all of the signs that your pet is exhibiting, behavioral and medical. Then based on the history you provide, previous health problems, any medications that your pet might be taking and the findings of a physical examination, additional diagnostic tests might be warranted. A final diagnosis of a behavioral cause can only be made after all medical factors have been ruled out.
What medical conditions can cause or contribute to behavior problems?
A decline in the pet’s hearing, sight or other senses, organ dysfunction (e.g. liver or kidney disease), hormonal diseases, diseases affecting the nervous system, diseases of the urinary tract (infections, tumors or stones), any disease or condition that might lead to pain or discomfort, and problems that affect the pets mobility can all cause or contribute to behavior problems.
a) Any condition that leads to an increase in pain or discomfort can lead to increased irritability, increased anxiety or fear of being handled or approached, and ultimately to increased aggressiveness. If these aggressive displays are successful at removing the “threat” (and they usually are) the behavior is reinforced. Medical conditions that affect the ears, anal sacs, teeth and gums, bones, joints, or back (disks) are some of the more common causes of pain and discomfort. If the pet’s mobility is affected, it may become increasingly aggressive, choosing to threaten and bite, rather than retreat. A decrease in mobility could also affect urination and defecation by reducing the pet’s ability to utilize its elimination area.
b) Sensory dysfunction: Pets with diminished sight or hearing may have a decreased ability to detect or identify the stimuli, and might begin to respond differently to commands, sounds or sights. Sensory decline is more likely to be seen as pets age.
c) Diseases of the internal organs, such as the kidneys or liver, can cause a number of behavior changes, primarily due to the toxic metabolites that accumulate in the bloodstream. Organ decline and dysfunction is more common in the older pet. Any medical condition that causes an increased frequency of urination or decreased urine control, such as kidney disease, a bladder infection, bladder stones, or neurological damage, might lead to an increase in house soiling. Similarly, those problems that affect the frequency of bowel movements or bowel control, such as colitis or constipation, might lead to house soiling with stools.
d) Diseases of the nervous system (brain and spinal cord) can lead to a number of behavior and personality changes. Conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumors, infections, immune and degenerative diseases can all directly affect a dog or cat’s nervous system and therefore its behavior. In the older pet aging changes can have a direct effect on the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction and senility
e) The endocrine (hormone) system also plays a critical role in behavior. Over-activity or under-activity of any of the endocrine organs can lead to a number of behavior problems. The thyroid and parathyroid glands (in the neck), the pituitary gland (in the brain), the adrenal gland (by the kidneys), the pancreas, and the reproductive organs can all be affected by conditions or tumors that lead to an increase or decrease in hormone production. Endocrine disorders are more likely to arise as the pet ages.
f) The aging process is associated with progressive and irreversible changes of the body systems. Although these changes are often considered individually, the elderly pet is seldom afflicted with a single disease, but rather with varying degrees of organ disease and dysfunction. Cognitive decline and senility have also been recognized in older dogs and cats. See our handout on geriatric behavior problems for more details.
What tests need to be done to determine if my pet’s behavior problem is due to a medical condition?
a) Clinical history and physical examination.
The assessment begins with a clinical history and physical examination. Remember that the history you provide may be the only way to determine if there are behavioral or medical changes. Be certain to mention any changes or problems that you may have noticed in your pet’s behavior, no matter how minor. Based on the signs that you report and the findings of the examination, laboratory tests and a more comprehensive examination such as a neurological examination or sensory testing may be required. For some of these tests your pet may need to be referred to a specialist.
b) Medical, surgical, dietary or pharmacologic treatment.
Before beginning behavior therapy, any medical problems that have been diagnosed should be treated. A change in diet or a drug trial may be an important aspect of differentiating a medical from a behavioral cause (such as a food trial or steroid trial that might be used to rule out an underlying allergic cause). Surgery may be indicated when a tumor is diagnosed or when castration is indicated to reduce male sexually influenced behaviors. Your veterinarian may commence medical and behavioral treatment for long-standing behavior problems. There are also a variety of behavioral drugs and supplements that might be useful or necessary depending on the type, intensity and severity of the behavioral disorder (see our handouts on behavioral drugs and complementary medicines).
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS OF BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS
What makes a pet misbehave?
Behavior problems can be due to medical or behavioral causes, or both. A clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing will help determine if there are underlying medical conditions contributing to the problem. Although there may be a single cause for a behavior problem, it is often the combined effect of the environment and learning on the pet’s mental and physical health that determines behavior.
For example, the pet that is fearful of children may become more reactive, irritable, and aggressive as conditions such as dental problems, arthritis or anal sacculitis make the pet more uncomfortable, painful or less mobile.
Another example is the cat that has been exposed to other cats roaming across its territory, but only begins to mark when it developed an overactive thyroid at 10 years of age. Correcting the thyroid problem as well as behavior modification techniques can resolve this problem.
What are some behavioral causes?
Any change in the environment or daily routine may contribute to the emergence of behavior problems. For example, schedule changes, a new member of the household (baby, spouse), moving, illness or injury of a family member, loss of a family member or another pet, or the addition of a new pet can have a dramatic impact on behavior. Medical or degenerative changes associated with aging may cause the pet to be even more sensitive to these environmental changes.
Learning (e.g. reinforcement, punishment) also plays a role in virtually every behavior problem. When a pet’s actions result in unpleasant consequences (e.g. punishment), the chances of repeating the behavior will decrease. Punishment might be the application of something unpleasant or the removal of something good (i.e. petting stops if you do that behavior). If a behavior is followed by pleasant consequences such as obtaining food, attention, or affection (rewards), the behavior is likely to be repeated (positive reinforcement). These consequences could be administered unintentionally by the owners, as when the owner gives a reward following a behavior, or obtained by the pet itself through its actions (as when the pet gets a favored treat when rolling around its feeding toy. Although in practice the goal would be to use rewards to encourage desirable behavior, many undesirable behaviors are encouraged because of rewards such as the owner who allows the dog into the house to stop the dog from barking, or when the dog finds leftovers in the garbage. Another very powerful form of learning is that of negative reinforcement where the pet’s behavior is reinforced because something pleasant or undesirable has been removed. This might be the case when a dog exhibits aggression and the stimulus (person, other animal) retreats. It can be difficult to determine what might be reinforcing a behavior, but if a behavior is ongoing, then (from the pet’s perspective) reinforcement is operating to maintain the problem behavior.
What role does genetics and early experience have in the development of behavior problems?
Some of the most important causes of behavioral problems, and the ones that might be most difficult to improve, are genetic factors that influence or even dictate the pet’s response to stimuli, and the environment that the pet experienced during its most sensitive periods of development including a) the socialization period from 3 to 12 weeks b) prenatal and neonatal experiences and c) secondary socialization and development through to maturity. Lack of stimulation, lack of handling, lack of exposure, insufficient socialization, and particularly stressful or traumatic events can have a major impact on the pet’s behavior.
What tests can be done to determine a behavioral cause?
A good history is one of the most important means of determining the cause of a behavioral problem. This involves an in depth analysis of the pet’s medical and behavioral history including any training, as well as the circumstances surrounding the problem itself. Daily interactions with the pet and any changes in schedule need to be explored. Often the event that precipitated the behavioral change may be different from that which maintains it. If you can catch the problem on videotape, this can be a valuable diagnostic aid for the veterinarian Perhaps the most important element in determining the cause of the problem and what diagnostic workup might be needed will be the clinical signs that you report. Since we cannot ask the pet how it is feeling or if anything hurts, we will need to find out from you, the pet owner, all of the signs that your pet is exhibiting, behavioral and medical. Then based on the history you provide, previous health problems, any medications that your pet might be taking and the findings of a physical examination, additional diagnostic tests might be warranted. A final diagnosis of a behavioral cause can only be made after all medical factors have been ruled out.
What medical conditions can cause or contribute to behavior problems?
A decline in the pet’s hearing, sight or other senses, organ dysfunction (e.g. liver or kidney disease), hormonal diseases, diseases affecting the nervous system, diseases of the urinary tract (infections, tumors or stones), any disease or condition that might lead to pain or discomfort, and problems that affect the pets mobility can all cause or contribute to behavior problems.
a) Any condition that leads to an increase in pain or discomfort can lead to increased irritability, increased anxiety or fear of being handled or approached, and ultimately to increased aggressiveness. If these aggressive displays are successful at removing the “threat” (and they usually are) the behavior is reinforced. Medical conditions that affect the ears, anal sacs, teeth and gums, bones, joints, or back (disks) are some of the more common causes of pain and discomfort. If the pet’s mobility is affected, it may become increasingly aggressive, choosing to threaten and bite, rather than retreat. A decrease in mobility could also affect urination and defecation by reducing the pet’s ability to utilize its elimination area.
b) Sensory dysfunction: Pets with diminished sight or hearing may have a decreased ability to detect or identify the stimuli, and might begin to respond differently to commands, sounds or sights. Sensory decline is more likely to be seen as pets age.
c) Diseases of the internal organs, such as the kidneys or liver, can cause a number of behavior changes, primarily due to the toxic metabolites that accumulate in the bloodstream. Organ decline and dysfunction is more common in the older pet. Any medical condition that causes an increased frequency of urination or decreased urine control, such as kidney disease, a bladder infection, bladder stones, or neurological damage, might lead to an increase in house soiling. Similarly, those problems that affect the frequency of bowel movements or bowel control, such as colitis or constipation, might lead to house soiling with stools.
d) Diseases of the nervous system (brain and spinal cord) can lead to a number of behavior and personality changes. Conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumors, infections, immune and degenerative diseases can all directly affect a dog or cat’s nervous system and therefore its behavior. In the older pet aging changes can have a direct effect on the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction and senility
e) The endocrine (hormone) system also plays a critical role in behavior. Over-activity or under-activity of any of the endocrine organs can lead to a number of behavior problems. The thyroid and parathyroid glands (in the neck), the pituitary gland (in the brain), the adrenal gland (by the kidneys), the pancreas, and the reproductive organs can all be affected by conditions or tumors that lead to an increase or decrease in hormone production. Endocrine disorders are more likely to arise as the pet ages.
f) The aging process is associated with progressive and irreversible changes of the body systems. Although these changes are often considered individually, the elderly pet is seldom afflicted with a single disease, but rather with varying degrees of organ disease and dysfunction. Cognitive decline and senility have also been recognized in older dogs and cats. See our handout on geriatric behavior problems for more details.
What tests need to be done to determine if my pet’s behavior problem is due to a medical condition?
a) Clinical history and physical examination.
The assessment begins with a clinical history and physical examination. Remember that the history you provide may be the only way to determine if there are behavioral or medical changes. Be certain to mention any changes or problems that you may have noticed in your pet’s behavior, no matter how minor. Based on the signs that you report and the findings of the examination, laboratory tests and a more comprehensive examination such as a neurological examination or sensory testing may be required. For some of these tests your pet may need to be referred to a specialist.
b) Medical, surgical, dietary or pharmacologic treatment.
Before beginning behavior therapy, any medical problems that have been diagnosed should be treated. A change in diet or a drug trial may be an important aspect of differentiating a medical from a behavioral cause (such as a food trial or steroid trial that might be used to rule out an underlying allergic cause). Surgery may be indicated when a tumor is diagnosed or when castration is indicated to reduce male sexually influenced behaviors. Your veterinarian may commence medical and behavioral treatment for long-standing behavior problems. There are also a variety of behavioral drugs and supplements that might be useful or necessary depending on the type, intensity and severity of the behavioral disorder (see our handouts on behavioral drugs and complementary medicines).
Thursday, May 21, 2009
Tear staining
Runny Eyes (Epiphora)
(Excessive tear production in dogs and cats)
Watery ocular discharge is a common concern of pet owners. Excessive tears drain down the pet’s face and, in time, the chronic exposure to moisture produces skin irritation, infection, and odor. The fur becomes stained reddish brown due to tear pigments called porphyrins, an especially non-cosmetic problem in white-furred pets. The medical term for this condition is epiphora and it is one of the most difficult conditions to resolve in all of veterinary ophthalmology.
There are two causes of epiphora (excess tearing) in pets:irritation to the eye and abnormal tear drainage. Irritation to the Eye
One of the eye’s natural responses to irritation is to produce more tears. This helps flush away any irritants that might have contaminated the eye surface. If excessive tearing is accompanied by squinting or pawing of the eye, or if the excessive tearing should occur suddenly, this should be taken as an obvious sign of eye pain and veterinary attention should be sought at once. Any accompanying loss of vision should be taken as an emergency.
It is the more chronic cases that are harder to manage. Eyes can certainly become chronically irritated from viral conjunctivitis (probably the most common reason for excessive tearing in cats), from glaucoma (painful increase in eye pressure in the eye), from reaction to certain eye medications, or more commonly from eyelash or eyelid abnormalities.
Some breeds of dogs naturally have hair in their eyes and this does not cause irritation, in most cases but in some cases it can. Hairs can grow from the face onto the eye and cause irritation. Eyelashes can grow at abnormal angles and rub on the eye. Eyelashes can even grow on the inner surface of the eyelids or corner of the eye and cause irritation. Often magnifying instruments are needed to discover these tiny hairs and delicate surgical procedures are needed to address them. Complicating the situation, however, is the fact that breeds that tend to have eyelid and eyelash problems also tend to be the same as those with faulty tear drainage anatomy (see below), which makes it hard to determine which of many possible causes is to blame.
Allergy, irritating dust or smog in the air, trauma, or infection can lead to excessive tears from conjunctivitis. These other problems can often be treated medically by a general practitioner.
Corneal ulcer
Feline upper respiratory infection
Inhalant allergy
Brachycephalic breeds
Dry eye
Normal Tear Drainage
Once we are certain that the eye is not painful, we can consider that the drainage ducts of the eyes may not be normal. The normal eye is most efficient at draining tears. Look at the inner corner of the eyelids (the side nearest the nose) where you can see the pink, moist caruncle, and on the eyelid margins there are upper and lower openings called nasolacrimal puncta. These are essentially drainage holes for tears. The puncta are the openings to small passages called canaliculi which in turn open into a sac called the lacrimal sac. The lacrimal sac drains into the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears into the nasal passages and throat. (This is why we get runny noses when we cry, why we sniffle when we cry, and why we can taste our tears when we cry).
There are many problems that can occur along this drainage route. One common problem, especially in poodles and Bichons frises as well as brachycephalic breeds, is simply that the eye socket is shallow. This means that tears overflow from the corner of the eye because the eyelid space there is not deep enough to contain them. These tears never make it to the puncta and instead spill down the sides of the nose. This condition, if present, cannot be repaired; it is simply the conformation of the dog’s face.Alternatively, the eyelids may be turned inward (a condition called entropion) blocking the puncta and preventing drainage. Another problem may be long hair acting as a wick that draws tears from the eye to the skin, especially in breeds where hairs actually grow on the caruncle. This hair may be kept trimmed; although if the hair is part of a brachycephalic breed’s nasal skin fold, surgery may be needed to remove or alter the skin fold.
Old infections or injuries may scar the puncta, canaliculi, or nasolacrimal ducts closed. Sometimes a vigorous flushing of saline through the ducts, performed under general anesthesia, can re-open them. Sometimes the puncta are congenitally closed (common in poodles and cocker spaniels) and can be surgically re-opened.
It is fairly easy to determine if there is a problem with drainage in a non-invasive way that is sometimes called the Jones test.) A stain for eyes called fluorescein is dropped onto the eye and after a couple of minutes should be evident at the nostrils if the tear drainage system is intact.
If surgery is required in these delicate little drainage structures, special equipment is needed and a veterinary ophthalmologist is best consulted. For help finding an ophthalmologist for your pet, check www.acvo.com.
Addressing the Staining
An assortment of remedies has been suggested to resolve the unsightly reddish stains that result from chronic tear drainage. The following are some comments on suggestions we have heard.
Low doses of tetracycline or tylosin: Variable success has been reported but the problem is that this probably constitutes less than responsible use of antibiotics, and resistant bacterial strains may result from this practice. It is generally frowned upon by pharmacologists. It is probably worth mentioning that tetracycline should not be used in immature animals as it will cause the teeth to be stained.
Regular wiping of the area with hydrogen peroxide basically serves to bleach the area and requires regular use to make a difference.
Missing Link® Nutritional Supplements:The manufacturer lists reduction in tearing and tear staining as one of the benefits of the product although they say 3 to 4 months of use are needed to see a change. Because this is a nutritional product, they are not able to formally make this claim on the label and no experimental studies have been done to prove the validity of this claim.
Douxo Micellar Solution is also reported to cleanse away staining debris from the hair with use over time. This product is used on the fur and skin, NOT ON THE EYE.
(Excessive tear production in dogs and cats)
Watery ocular discharge is a common concern of pet owners. Excessive tears drain down the pet’s face and, in time, the chronic exposure to moisture produces skin irritation, infection, and odor. The fur becomes stained reddish brown due to tear pigments called porphyrins, an especially non-cosmetic problem in white-furred pets. The medical term for this condition is epiphora and it is one of the most difficult conditions to resolve in all of veterinary ophthalmology.
There are two causes of epiphora (excess tearing) in pets:irritation to the eye and abnormal tear drainage. Irritation to the Eye
One of the eye’s natural responses to irritation is to produce more tears. This helps flush away any irritants that might have contaminated the eye surface. If excessive tearing is accompanied by squinting or pawing of the eye, or if the excessive tearing should occur suddenly, this should be taken as an obvious sign of eye pain and veterinary attention should be sought at once. Any accompanying loss of vision should be taken as an emergency.
It is the more chronic cases that are harder to manage. Eyes can certainly become chronically irritated from viral conjunctivitis (probably the most common reason for excessive tearing in cats), from glaucoma (painful increase in eye pressure in the eye), from reaction to certain eye medications, or more commonly from eyelash or eyelid abnormalities.
Some breeds of dogs naturally have hair in their eyes and this does not cause irritation, in most cases but in some cases it can. Hairs can grow from the face onto the eye and cause irritation. Eyelashes can grow at abnormal angles and rub on the eye. Eyelashes can even grow on the inner surface of the eyelids or corner of the eye and cause irritation. Often magnifying instruments are needed to discover these tiny hairs and delicate surgical procedures are needed to address them. Complicating the situation, however, is the fact that breeds that tend to have eyelid and eyelash problems also tend to be the same as those with faulty tear drainage anatomy (see below), which makes it hard to determine which of many possible causes is to blame.
Allergy, irritating dust or smog in the air, trauma, or infection can lead to excessive tears from conjunctivitis. These other problems can often be treated medically by a general practitioner.
Corneal ulcer
Feline upper respiratory infection
Inhalant allergy
Brachycephalic breeds
Dry eye
Normal Tear Drainage
Once we are certain that the eye is not painful, we can consider that the drainage ducts of the eyes may not be normal. The normal eye is most efficient at draining tears. Look at the inner corner of the eyelids (the side nearest the nose) where you can see the pink, moist caruncle, and on the eyelid margins there are upper and lower openings called nasolacrimal puncta. These are essentially drainage holes for tears. The puncta are the openings to small passages called canaliculi which in turn open into a sac called the lacrimal sac. The lacrimal sac drains into the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears into the nasal passages and throat. (This is why we get runny noses when we cry, why we sniffle when we cry, and why we can taste our tears when we cry).
There are many problems that can occur along this drainage route. One common problem, especially in poodles and Bichons frises as well as brachycephalic breeds, is simply that the eye socket is shallow. This means that tears overflow from the corner of the eye because the eyelid space there is not deep enough to contain them. These tears never make it to the puncta and instead spill down the sides of the nose. This condition, if present, cannot be repaired; it is simply the conformation of the dog’s face.Alternatively, the eyelids may be turned inward (a condition called entropion) blocking the puncta and preventing drainage. Another problem may be long hair acting as a wick that draws tears from the eye to the skin, especially in breeds where hairs actually grow on the caruncle. This hair may be kept trimmed; although if the hair is part of a brachycephalic breed’s nasal skin fold, surgery may be needed to remove or alter the skin fold.
Old infections or injuries may scar the puncta, canaliculi, or nasolacrimal ducts closed. Sometimes a vigorous flushing of saline through the ducts, performed under general anesthesia, can re-open them. Sometimes the puncta are congenitally closed (common in poodles and cocker spaniels) and can be surgically re-opened.
It is fairly easy to determine if there is a problem with drainage in a non-invasive way that is sometimes called the Jones test.) A stain for eyes called fluorescein is dropped onto the eye and after a couple of minutes should be evident at the nostrils if the tear drainage system is intact.
If surgery is required in these delicate little drainage structures, special equipment is needed and a veterinary ophthalmologist is best consulted. For help finding an ophthalmologist for your pet, check www.acvo.com.
Addressing the Staining
An assortment of remedies has been suggested to resolve the unsightly reddish stains that result from chronic tear drainage. The following are some comments on suggestions we have heard.
Low doses of tetracycline or tylosin: Variable success has been reported but the problem is that this probably constitutes less than responsible use of antibiotics, and resistant bacterial strains may result from this practice. It is generally frowned upon by pharmacologists. It is probably worth mentioning that tetracycline should not be used in immature animals as it will cause the teeth to be stained.
Regular wiping of the area with hydrogen peroxide basically serves to bleach the area and requires regular use to make a difference.
Missing Link® Nutritional Supplements:The manufacturer lists reduction in tearing and tear staining as one of the benefits of the product although they say 3 to 4 months of use are needed to see a change. Because this is a nutritional product, they are not able to formally make this claim on the label and no experimental studies have been done to prove the validity of this claim.
Douxo Micellar Solution is also reported to cleanse away staining debris from the hair with use over time. This product is used on the fur and skin, NOT ON THE EYE.
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
Therapeutic Nutrition
Therapeutic Nutrition
In this era of the Internet there is an overwhelming amount of credible and not-so-credible information. It is nearly impossible to decipher the truth from fiction. Therapeutic Nutrition is broadly defined as the use of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids, co-factors, enzymes, anti-oxidants, and phytonutrients, to support the body’s immune and healing systems, thereby altering the course and outcome of a disease process. It can be used as a preventative, or can be used as a therapy. It does not focus on food types, calories nor minimum daily requirements, but rather on metabolic and physiological effects of foods on the body’s healing and immune systems. Unlike drugs, nutritional products are not designed to address symptoms or diseases, they are designed to “feed” and “fuel” the cells of the body, using or calling upon the cells’ inherent ability to heal and achieve wellness. The goals of therapeutic nutrition fall within 3 broad categories, which directly help to enhance wellness.
ü The supply of appropriate, bioavailable nutrients
ü The reduction of inflammation
ü The enhancement of elimination of toxins
The pet food industry attempted to regulate and standardize commercially prepared pet foods. This method is based upon the chemical content and analysis of food, the actual levels of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and moisture. The regulatory methodology is accomplished via the guaranteed analysis of the food. To qualify as a pet food, the following 4 categories must be listed on the label : crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and moisture. Veterinarians were able to put together a mixture containing coal, shoes, and crankcase oil. When chemically analyzed, this mixture met the minimum requirements of pet food. So, it is not only the chemical composition of pet foods that is important, but the bioavailability of the raw ingredients used.
Dr. Selmer has affirmed that optimum nutrition helps slow the onset and progression of chronic disease because it restores balance and promotes healing by supporting the metabolic pathways that energize the healing system. In addition, it helps reduce the inflammation that predisposes an animal to disease. Its use, either alone or in combination with appropriate medication, contributes to the day-to-day wellness of the animal.
In this era of the Internet there is an overwhelming amount of credible and not-so-credible information. It is nearly impossible to decipher the truth from fiction. Therapeutic Nutrition is broadly defined as the use of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids, co-factors, enzymes, anti-oxidants, and phytonutrients, to support the body’s immune and healing systems, thereby altering the course and outcome of a disease process. It can be used as a preventative, or can be used as a therapy. It does not focus on food types, calories nor minimum daily requirements, but rather on metabolic and physiological effects of foods on the body’s healing and immune systems. Unlike drugs, nutritional products are not designed to address symptoms or diseases, they are designed to “feed” and “fuel” the cells of the body, using or calling upon the cells’ inherent ability to heal and achieve wellness. The goals of therapeutic nutrition fall within 3 broad categories, which directly help to enhance wellness.
ü The supply of appropriate, bioavailable nutrients
ü The reduction of inflammation
ü The enhancement of elimination of toxins
The pet food industry attempted to regulate and standardize commercially prepared pet foods. This method is based upon the chemical content and analysis of food, the actual levels of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and moisture. The regulatory methodology is accomplished via the guaranteed analysis of the food. To qualify as a pet food, the following 4 categories must be listed on the label : crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and moisture. Veterinarians were able to put together a mixture containing coal, shoes, and crankcase oil. When chemically analyzed, this mixture met the minimum requirements of pet food. So, it is not only the chemical composition of pet foods that is important, but the bioavailability of the raw ingredients used.
Dr. Selmer has affirmed that optimum nutrition helps slow the onset and progression of chronic disease because it restores balance and promotes healing by supporting the metabolic pathways that energize the healing system. In addition, it helps reduce the inflammation that predisposes an animal to disease. Its use, either alone or in combination with appropriate medication, contributes to the day-to-day wellness of the animal.
Tuesday, May 19, 2009
Blood Work : What does it all mean?
Advanced Animal Care Center
Telephone and fax number
631-367-7387 and 631-367-7414
Website: www.advancedcareforpets.com
Blood Work: CBC and Chemistry Panel
What does it mean when a veterinarian says she needs to run some blood work on your pet? Blood work - presurgical or otherwise - is usually a combination of a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood chemical analysis. Blood work is a basic evaluation tool. Pets, particularly senior ones, should have a CBC at every annual examination. In addition, blood work allows a veterinarian to monitor the progression of a pet's disease.
When the blood sample is drawn from your pet, both the cells and the fluid they "travel" in are examined.
The cell part of the blood is examined in the CBC. The CBC determines the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), the number and type of leukocytes (white blood cells), the number of platelets (thrombocytes), the hemoglobin level, and the hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV). Erythrocytes carry oxygen throughout the body. Leukocytes fight infection and are part of the immune system. There are five different types of white blood cells: neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Platelets are clotting proteins and indicate how fast your pet's blood can clot; slow clotting can be a serious problem. A CBC can tell your veterinarian if your pet has an unusual number of erythrocytes (anemia, polycythemia), leukocytes (leukopenia, leukocytosis), or platelets (thrombocytopenia).
A chemistry panel (blood chem, chemistry screen), tests kidney function, liver function, electrolyte levels, etc. Blood chemistries are run on the fluid in the blood sample. (The CBC is the examination of the cells in the blood sample.)
The chemistry panel usually includes the following tests: alkaline phosphatase (SAP, ALP), alanine transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT), bilirubin total (T Bili), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatine kinase (CK, CPK), sodium, potassium, glucose, total protein, albumin, etc. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, and albumin give your veterinarian information about the pet's liver function. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and creatine kinase tell your veterinarian how well your pet's kidneys are functioning.
Alkaline phosphatase: Used extensively as a tumor marker, it is also present in liver injury, bone injury, pregnancy, or skeletal growth (elevated values). Growing animals have normally higher levels of this enzyme also. Low levels are sometimes found in protein deficiency, malnutrition, and a number of vitamin deficiencies.
Alanine transaminase: Decreased ALT in combination with increased cholesterol levels is seen in cases of a congested liver. Increased levels are also seen in liver damage, kidney infection, chemical pollutants, or myocardial infarction.
Bilirubin (total): Elevated in liver disease, hemolytic anemia, low levels of exposure to the sun, and toxic effects to some drugs. Decreased levels are seen in people with an inefficient liver, excessive fat digestion, and possibly a diet low in nitrogen bearing foods.
Blood urea nitrogen: Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake, kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise, or heart failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage, or low nitrogen intake.
Creatinine: Low levels are sometimes seen in kidney damage, protein starvation, liver disease, or pregnancy. Elevated levels are sometimes seen in kidney disease due to the kidneys job of excreting creatinine, muscle degeneration, and some drugs involved in impairment of kidney function.
Glucose: Elevated in diabetes, liver disease, obesity, and pancreatitis due to steroid medications, or during stress. Low levels may be indicative of liver disease, overproduction of insulin, or hypothyroidism.
Total protein: Decreased levels may be due to poor nutrition, liver disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or severe burns. Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver disease, chronic infections, leukemia, etc.
Albumin: High levels are rarely seen and are primarily due to dehydration. Low levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver disease, inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and edemas, and hypocalcemia.
Telephone and fax number
631-367-7387 and 631-367-7414
Website: www.advancedcareforpets.com
Blood Work: CBC and Chemistry Panel
What does it mean when a veterinarian says she needs to run some blood work on your pet? Blood work - presurgical or otherwise - is usually a combination of a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood chemical analysis. Blood work is a basic evaluation tool. Pets, particularly senior ones, should have a CBC at every annual examination. In addition, blood work allows a veterinarian to monitor the progression of a pet's disease.
When the blood sample is drawn from your pet, both the cells and the fluid they "travel" in are examined.
The cell part of the blood is examined in the CBC. The CBC determines the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), the number and type of leukocytes (white blood cells), the number of platelets (thrombocytes), the hemoglobin level, and the hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV). Erythrocytes carry oxygen throughout the body. Leukocytes fight infection and are part of the immune system. There are five different types of white blood cells: neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Platelets are clotting proteins and indicate how fast your pet's blood can clot; slow clotting can be a serious problem. A CBC can tell your veterinarian if your pet has an unusual number of erythrocytes (anemia, polycythemia), leukocytes (leukopenia, leukocytosis), or platelets (thrombocytopenia).
A chemistry panel (blood chem, chemistry screen), tests kidney function, liver function, electrolyte levels, etc. Blood chemistries are run on the fluid in the blood sample. (The CBC is the examination of the cells in the blood sample.)
The chemistry panel usually includes the following tests: alkaline phosphatase (SAP, ALP), alanine transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT), bilirubin total (T Bili), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatine kinase (CK, CPK), sodium, potassium, glucose, total protein, albumin, etc. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, and albumin give your veterinarian information about the pet's liver function. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and creatine kinase tell your veterinarian how well your pet's kidneys are functioning.
Alkaline phosphatase: Used extensively as a tumor marker, it is also present in liver injury, bone injury, pregnancy, or skeletal growth (elevated values). Growing animals have normally higher levels of this enzyme also. Low levels are sometimes found in protein deficiency, malnutrition, and a number of vitamin deficiencies.
Alanine transaminase: Decreased ALT in combination with increased cholesterol levels is seen in cases of a congested liver. Increased levels are also seen in liver damage, kidney infection, chemical pollutants, or myocardial infarction.
Bilirubin (total): Elevated in liver disease, hemolytic anemia, low levels of exposure to the sun, and toxic effects to some drugs. Decreased levels are seen in people with an inefficient liver, excessive fat digestion, and possibly a diet low in nitrogen bearing foods.
Blood urea nitrogen: Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake, kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise, or heart failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage, or low nitrogen intake.
Creatinine: Low levels are sometimes seen in kidney damage, protein starvation, liver disease, or pregnancy. Elevated levels are sometimes seen in kidney disease due to the kidneys job of excreting creatinine, muscle degeneration, and some drugs involved in impairment of kidney function.
Glucose: Elevated in diabetes, liver disease, obesity, and pancreatitis due to steroid medications, or during stress. Low levels may be indicative of liver disease, overproduction of insulin, or hypothyroidism.
Total protein: Decreased levels may be due to poor nutrition, liver disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or severe burns. Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver disease, chronic infections, leukemia, etc.
Albumin: High levels are rarely seen and are primarily due to dehydration. Low levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver disease, inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and edemas, and hypocalcemia.
Monday, May 18, 2009
Recommendations for senior dogs
260 Evergreen Ave. Huntington Station, NY 11746
631-367-7387 or (631) FOR-PETS
www.advancedcareforpets.com
Dogs older than seven years of age are considered senior pets. Senior dogs are in the stage of life in which the aging process is affecting every organ. Some organs “wear out” faster than others, so certain observations are especially important to make. The following is a list of key recommendations that we feel are important for older dogs.
Keep vaccinations current. Your veterinarian will determine the proper vaccine schedule for your senior pet’s lifestyle. Most senior pets will receive most vaccines every two to three years. Some vaccines with shorter duration of immunity such as the “kennel cough” vaccine, may be given more frequently.
Brush your pet frequently to prevent matts. This can contribute to skin infections and may hide skin tumors.
Clip toe nails as needed to prevent overgrowth. Long toe nails may cause the dog to stand and walk abnormally and result in pain or accelerate and exacerbate arthritic changes.
Keep plenty of fresh water available and monitor its consumption. Increases in water consumption or urination are often associated with conditions such as diabetes, kidney and liver disease.
Keep other pets from preventing your senior pet access to food and water.
Keep your senior pet indoors most of the time, especially in inclement weather.
Weigh on the same scale and record results at least every two months. Changes in weight can be an early indicator of disease.
How often should I take my senior dog to the veterinarian?
You should take your senior dog to the veterinarian at least once a year for an annual check-up.
Have your veterinarian examine your dog if you notice for any of the following:
1. Sustained significant increase in water consumption. (Abnormal is intake greater than 100 ml/kg/day or approximately 1 ½ cups (1two ounces)/day for a 10 pound dog)
2. Sustained significant increase in urination.
3. Weight loss.
4. Significant decrease in appetite or failure to eat for more than two consecutive days.
5. Significant increase in appetite.
6. Repeated vomiting.
7. Diarrhea that lasts over three days.
8. Difficulty in passing stool or urine.
9. Sudden loss of housetraining.
10. Lameness that lasts more than three days, or lameness in more than one leg.
11. Noticeable decrease in vision, especially if sudden in onset or pupils that do not constrict in bright light.
12. Masses, ulcerations (open sores), or multiple scabs on the skin that persist more than one week.
13. Foul mouth odor or drooling that lasts over two days.
14. Increasing size of the abdomen.
15. Increasing inactivity or amount of time spent sleeping.
16. Hair loss, especially if accompanied by scratching or if in specific areas (as opposed to generalized).
17. Persistent coughing or gagging.
18. Excessive panting.
19. Sudden collapse or bout of weakness.
20. Inability to chew dry food.
21. A seizure (convulsion or “fit”).
631-367-7387 or (631) FOR-PETS
www.advancedcareforpets.com
Dogs older than seven years of age are considered senior pets. Senior dogs are in the stage of life in which the aging process is affecting every organ. Some organs “wear out” faster than others, so certain observations are especially important to make. The following is a list of key recommendations that we feel are important for older dogs.
Keep vaccinations current. Your veterinarian will determine the proper vaccine schedule for your senior pet’s lifestyle. Most senior pets will receive most vaccines every two to three years. Some vaccines with shorter duration of immunity such as the “kennel cough” vaccine, may be given more frequently.
Brush your pet frequently to prevent matts. This can contribute to skin infections and may hide skin tumors.
Clip toe nails as needed to prevent overgrowth. Long toe nails may cause the dog to stand and walk abnormally and result in pain or accelerate and exacerbate arthritic changes.
Keep plenty of fresh water available and monitor its consumption. Increases in water consumption or urination are often associated with conditions such as diabetes, kidney and liver disease.
Keep other pets from preventing your senior pet access to food and water.
Keep your senior pet indoors most of the time, especially in inclement weather.
Weigh on the same scale and record results at least every two months. Changes in weight can be an early indicator of disease.
How often should I take my senior dog to the veterinarian?
You should take your senior dog to the veterinarian at least once a year for an annual check-up.
Have your veterinarian examine your dog if you notice for any of the following:
1. Sustained significant increase in water consumption. (Abnormal is intake greater than 100 ml/kg/day or approximately 1 ½ cups (1two ounces)/day for a 10 pound dog)
2. Sustained significant increase in urination.
3. Weight loss.
4. Significant decrease in appetite or failure to eat for more than two consecutive days.
5. Significant increase in appetite.
6. Repeated vomiting.
7. Diarrhea that lasts over three days.
8. Difficulty in passing stool or urine.
9. Sudden loss of housetraining.
10. Lameness that lasts more than three days, or lameness in more than one leg.
11. Noticeable decrease in vision, especially if sudden in onset or pupils that do not constrict in bright light.
12. Masses, ulcerations (open sores), or multiple scabs on the skin that persist more than one week.
13. Foul mouth odor or drooling that lasts over two days.
14. Increasing size of the abdomen.
15. Increasing inactivity or amount of time spent sleeping.
16. Hair loss, especially if accompanied by scratching or if in specific areas (as opposed to generalized).
17. Persistent coughing or gagging.
18. Excessive panting.
19. Sudden collapse or bout of weakness.
20. Inability to chew dry food.
21. A seizure (convulsion or “fit”).
Thursday, May 14, 2009
Firework and Thunderstorm Phobias
Advanced Animal Care Center
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
FIREWORK AND THUNDERSTORM PHOBIAS
How to deal with the problem in the short term?
Drugs
These may be useful in some cases but should only be given under veterinary supervision. Remember they should be given so they take effect BEFORE any noise starts or panic sets in. This is usually at least an hour prior to the event. Sedatives may help the pet sleep through the event or be less aware of the stimuli but do not reduce anxiety. Anti-anxiety drugs may reduce anxiety and panic but may not calm the dog sufficiently. There are also drugs such as some of the antidepressants that can be used on an ongoing basis to try and prevent or reduce the effect of the stimulus should it arise. Then, short term drugs on the day of the fireworks (or storm) may be added to some of these drugs if needed. The dog appeasing pheromone (DAP®) and natural products such as melatonin might also be considered concurrently with other drugs.
Punishment
Don’t punish your dog when he is scared, it only confirms to him that there is something to be afraid of and will make him worse. In addition, if you are upset or anxious about your pet’s behavior, this will also make your dog more anxious.
Reassurance
Don’t fuss, pet or try to reassure your dog when he is scared since he may regard this as a reward for the behavior he is engaging in at that time, so that with each future exposure the behavior may become increasingly intense. Although it may be difficult, try to ignore any fearful behavior that occurs.
Training devices and commands
Practice training your dog to settle and focus on commands for favored treats and toys. Try and associate this training with a favored location in the house (one where the noise of the fireworks and storm might be less obvious – see below), and use some training cues (e.g. a favored CD, a favored blanket) each time you do the training (so that the command, location and cues help to immediately calm the dog). A head halter can also be used to help control, distract and calm the dog during training. Then at the time of the storm, use your commands, location, cues and head halter to try and calm the dog, while avoiding punishment or reassurance of the fearful response (see above).
Feeding
Feed your dog a good meal, rich in carbohydrate and with added vitamin B6, a few hours prior to the expected fireworks (or storm). To ensure a good appetite, it may be necessary not to feed him at any other time during the day. However, if your dog is prone to diarrhea when scared or at other times, please consult your veterinarian for advice regarding this strategy.
Environment
Make sure that the environment is safe and secure at all times. Even the most placid dog can behave unpredictably when frightened by noise and, should he bolt and escape, he could get injured or lost.
Can I do anything to reduce the impact of the noise and flashes from the fireworks or storms?
When the season begins, try to ensure that your dog can reside in a well-curtained or blacked out room when it starts to go dark. Blacking out the room removes the potentially additional problems of flashing lights, flares etc.
Provide plenty of familiar toys and games that might help to distract the pet.
Try to arrange company for your dog so that he is not abandoned in the room.
Make sure that all the windows and doors are shut so the sound is deadened as much as possible. Try taking your pet to a room or area of the house where the stimuli will be at their mildest and the dog can be most easily distracted. Sometimes nested cardboard boxes or a blanket placed over the cage can greatly mute the sound. Be certain however that there is enough air circulation so that the pet does not overheat.
Try to provide background sounds from the radio or television. Rap or similar music with a lot of constant drum beats does help. It does not necessarily have to be loud as long as there is a constant distracting beat to the music that will prevent him from concentrating on the noises outside. Other background noises and such as a fan running or even “white” noise devices can help to block outdoor noises.
Ignore the noises yourself and try to involve your pet in some form of active game.
Some products and exercises might be useful to further secure or calm the dog. Anxiety wraps, a cape or mat that reduces static, a head halter for control or TTouch therapy may help to calm the dog further.
My friend down the street has a dog that is not scared of loud noises and gets along well with mine. She has offered to lend me her dog for support. Shall I accept?
This may be an excellent strategy. Keeping the two together during the evenings may help. Playing with the non-fearful dog when your own becomes scared may help to encourage him to join in and reduce his fear.
Is there anything else that I can do that is worthwhile?
Don’t just ignore the problem because it only happens intermittently or for a few days each year. Instigate a desensitization program once the season is over so that you ensure your dog loses fear of the situation. Additional handouts are available that can help explain exactly how to go about this.
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
FIREWORK AND THUNDERSTORM PHOBIAS
How to deal with the problem in the short term?
Drugs
These may be useful in some cases but should only be given under veterinary supervision. Remember they should be given so they take effect BEFORE any noise starts or panic sets in. This is usually at least an hour prior to the event. Sedatives may help the pet sleep through the event or be less aware of the stimuli but do not reduce anxiety. Anti-anxiety drugs may reduce anxiety and panic but may not calm the dog sufficiently. There are also drugs such as some of the antidepressants that can be used on an ongoing basis to try and prevent or reduce the effect of the stimulus should it arise. Then, short term drugs on the day of the fireworks (or storm) may be added to some of these drugs if needed. The dog appeasing pheromone (DAP®) and natural products such as melatonin might also be considered concurrently with other drugs.
Punishment
Don’t punish your dog when he is scared, it only confirms to him that there is something to be afraid of and will make him worse. In addition, if you are upset or anxious about your pet’s behavior, this will also make your dog more anxious.
Reassurance
Don’t fuss, pet or try to reassure your dog when he is scared since he may regard this as a reward for the behavior he is engaging in at that time, so that with each future exposure the behavior may become increasingly intense. Although it may be difficult, try to ignore any fearful behavior that occurs.
Training devices and commands
Practice training your dog to settle and focus on commands for favored treats and toys. Try and associate this training with a favored location in the house (one where the noise of the fireworks and storm might be less obvious – see below), and use some training cues (e.g. a favored CD, a favored blanket) each time you do the training (so that the command, location and cues help to immediately calm the dog). A head halter can also be used to help control, distract and calm the dog during training. Then at the time of the storm, use your commands, location, cues and head halter to try and calm the dog, while avoiding punishment or reassurance of the fearful response (see above).
Feeding
Feed your dog a good meal, rich in carbohydrate and with added vitamin B6, a few hours prior to the expected fireworks (or storm). To ensure a good appetite, it may be necessary not to feed him at any other time during the day. However, if your dog is prone to diarrhea when scared or at other times, please consult your veterinarian for advice regarding this strategy.
Environment
Make sure that the environment is safe and secure at all times. Even the most placid dog can behave unpredictably when frightened by noise and, should he bolt and escape, he could get injured or lost.
Can I do anything to reduce the impact of the noise and flashes from the fireworks or storms?
When the season begins, try to ensure that your dog can reside in a well-curtained or blacked out room when it starts to go dark. Blacking out the room removes the potentially additional problems of flashing lights, flares etc.
Provide plenty of familiar toys and games that might help to distract the pet.
Try to arrange company for your dog so that he is not abandoned in the room.
Make sure that all the windows and doors are shut so the sound is deadened as much as possible. Try taking your pet to a room or area of the house where the stimuli will be at their mildest and the dog can be most easily distracted. Sometimes nested cardboard boxes or a blanket placed over the cage can greatly mute the sound. Be certain however that there is enough air circulation so that the pet does not overheat.
Try to provide background sounds from the radio or television. Rap or similar music with a lot of constant drum beats does help. It does not necessarily have to be loud as long as there is a constant distracting beat to the music that will prevent him from concentrating on the noises outside. Other background noises and such as a fan running or even “white” noise devices can help to block outdoor noises.
Ignore the noises yourself and try to involve your pet in some form of active game.
Some products and exercises might be useful to further secure or calm the dog. Anxiety wraps, a cape or mat that reduces static, a head halter for control or TTouch therapy may help to calm the dog further.
My friend down the street has a dog that is not scared of loud noises and gets along well with mine. She has offered to lend me her dog for support. Shall I accept?
This may be an excellent strategy. Keeping the two together during the evenings may help. Playing with the non-fearful dog when your own becomes scared may help to encourage him to join in and reduce his fear.
Is there anything else that I can do that is worthwhile?
Don’t just ignore the problem because it only happens intermittently or for a few days each year. Instigate a desensitization program once the season is over so that you ensure your dog loses fear of the situation. Additional handouts are available that can help explain exactly how to go about this.
Monday, May 11, 2009
Things the pet industry won't tell you
260 Evergreen Ave. Huntington Station, NY 11746
631-367-7387 or (631) FOR-PETS
www.advancedcareforpets.com
Things the Pet Industry Won't Tell You
1. Boarding
When Beverly Dame brought home her cocker spaniel, Wesley, after 12 days at a kennel near her home in Vermont, he had a gaping wound on his rear leg and was unable to climb stairs. Treatments cost her $231 on top of the $169 kennel fee. While the kennel owner denies any wrongdoing, he admits that grooming, not boarding, is the kennel's main business.
Kennels don't have to pass accreditation standards, nor are they rigorously monitored in most states. Inspections are left to local officials and can be spotty. How can you know if your pet will be housed in cramped, unhealthy conditions or four-star luxury? Ideally, you should pick one of the few kennels that not only are members of the American Boarding Kennels Association but also have been accredited by the group. Such kennels must comply with 200 strict standards, including providing an area where dogs can be exercised at least three times per day. You can find such kennels at www.abka.com.
If there are no accredited kennels in your vicinity, tour the facility before booking your pet there. Ask what health concerns pet supervisors are trained to detect — runny noses or urinary problems, for example. Also ask about warranties: Many kennels now offer warranty contracts that, for $2 to $5 per boarding, will reimburse owners for vet costs up to a certain amount — commonly $500 — for injuries a pet sustains while in a kennel's care.
2. Trainers
Because all owners want a well-behaved pet — and some fear their dog may attack someone — many people fork over as much as $300 an hour for obedience lessons only to wind up with a dog that does little more than sit and stay.
Part of the problem is that anyone can call himself a trainer. "You'll find trainers in pet stores, but sometimes you'll discover they were a cashier last week and then they read a book on training," says Babette Haggerty-Brennan, head trainer for Babette Haggerty's School for Dogs in Palm Beach, Fla. Look for one who has graduated from a program such as the one conducted by the Association of Pet Dog Trainers; you can find such trainers at www.apdt.com. Also, ask how many years of experience a trainer has — training the family dog as a teenager doesn't count — and how many dogs he's trained. Then ask for client references.
Group classes through local pet stores and community centers can cost substantially less, and good programs let you observe a class for free before signing up. Check to see how many dogs are being trained — ideally, no more than five per trainer — and how sophisticated the commands are. Basic obedience commands, such as "sit," "stay" and "down," are fine for puppies, but older dogs should learn commands for leaving the kitchen, for example, or "drop it" to let go of items picked up on the street.
3. "I'm a breeder all right . . . of health problems for pets."
All Ellen Szalinski wanted was a German shepherd puppy. What she got, after buying Bravo for $650 from a breeder, was a 4-pound, nine-week-old dog loaded with parasites and health problems. "As a consumer, I was an idiot," says the publications manager at Chicago's Children's Memorial Hospital. The breeder had promised that the puppy would bulk up in a few weeks, but two years and about $5,000 later, Bravo had endured knee operations and been treated for cartilage abnormalities and ruptured ligaments. "For what I spent, I could have made a down payment on a condo," Szalinski says, adding that Bravo is now healthy.
Poor nutrition and care during the first few weeks of life, while a puppy is still at the breeder's, can cause sickness for months or even years. You can increase your odds of getting a healthy purebred by choosing breeders who use the services of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, an organization that tests everything from thyroids to kidneys to hips; you can learn about specific breeds' health issues on OFA's Web site, www.offa.org. Ask breeders for a trial period in which to assess the pup's health and temperament. If you're not satisfied, you can return the dog for a full refund. A breeder who says no likely doesn't stand behind his animals.
4. "Ready for your annual cash-draining?"
Annual checkups should include a head-to-toe exam of a pet, along with vaccines, if necessary, and lab work for older pets. These exams can cost upwards of $150, and many vets tack on additional fees for such things as superfluous tests on a pet's blood and urine. Also, veterinarians and researchers debate the necessity of giving vaccines such as parvo and distemper annually.
How can you avoid overcharges? When it's time for an annual visit, ask the clinic to fax or e-mail an estimate and be prepared to discuss whether your pet needs the vaccines suggested, especially if it stays indoors. Ask about reduced rates on exams for additional pets; some vets offer discounts. Or go elsewhere: Organizations such as your local animal shelter, humane society or pet supplies store often provide services for a fraction of what a private-practice vet will charge.
Other services might be worth doing yourself — in particular, teeth cleaning. Toothbrushes designed in recent years that slip over a finger Finger Toothbrushes are much easier to run over a pet's teeth than traditional pet toothbrushes.
5. "We can 'insure' that you'll lose money."
With the boom in pet care services and veterinary specialists, as well as advances in veterinary techniques in recent years, animals are undergoing more extensive and costly procedures to fix what ails them. That's driving more owners to invest in pet insurance. A 2002 study of pet owners using AAHA hospitals found that one in 20 now carries pet health insurance, five times 1997's figure.
Unfortunately, pet insurance woes can be similar to human insurance woes. Premiums can run as high as $6,000 over a pet's lifetime, according to Consumer Reports, and preexisting conditions such as epilepsy or untreated hip dysplasia can disqualify your pet. If Sparky does qualify for a basic plan, reimbursements can be paltry, like a mere $10 per checkup.
If you shop well, however, insurance can sometimes be worthwhile. Emergency or surgery insurance plans cover large expenses for minimal premiums — often less than $10 a month, which isn't bad when you consider that procedures for accidents or cancer treatment can easily run north of $3,000. Premier Pet Insurance (www.ppins.com) and Petshealth Care Plan (www.petshealthplan.com) offer low-cost programs that cover up to $8,000 a year in emergency care. Pet Assure (www.petassure.com) costs $99 a year per dog and $59 per cat and offers 25 percent off the cost of major surgeries and other pet services at thousands of vet offices nationwide. Even without insurance, though, you may have recourse for big-ticket expenses. Many vets, if you ask, will negotiate weekly or monthly payment plans.
631-367-7387 or (631) FOR-PETS
www.advancedcareforpets.com
Things the Pet Industry Won't Tell You
1. Boarding
When Beverly Dame brought home her cocker spaniel, Wesley, after 12 days at a kennel near her home in Vermont, he had a gaping wound on his rear leg and was unable to climb stairs. Treatments cost her $231 on top of the $169 kennel fee. While the kennel owner denies any wrongdoing, he admits that grooming, not boarding, is the kennel's main business.
Kennels don't have to pass accreditation standards, nor are they rigorously monitored in most states. Inspections are left to local officials and can be spotty. How can you know if your pet will be housed in cramped, unhealthy conditions or four-star luxury? Ideally, you should pick one of the few kennels that not only are members of the American Boarding Kennels Association but also have been accredited by the group. Such kennels must comply with 200 strict standards, including providing an area where dogs can be exercised at least three times per day. You can find such kennels at www.abka.com.
If there are no accredited kennels in your vicinity, tour the facility before booking your pet there. Ask what health concerns pet supervisors are trained to detect — runny noses or urinary problems, for example. Also ask about warranties: Many kennels now offer warranty contracts that, for $2 to $5 per boarding, will reimburse owners for vet costs up to a certain amount — commonly $500 — for injuries a pet sustains while in a kennel's care.
2. Trainers
Because all owners want a well-behaved pet — and some fear their dog may attack someone — many people fork over as much as $300 an hour for obedience lessons only to wind up with a dog that does little more than sit and stay.
Part of the problem is that anyone can call himself a trainer. "You'll find trainers in pet stores, but sometimes you'll discover they were a cashier last week and then they read a book on training," says Babette Haggerty-Brennan, head trainer for Babette Haggerty's School for Dogs in Palm Beach, Fla. Look for one who has graduated from a program such as the one conducted by the Association of Pet Dog Trainers; you can find such trainers at www.apdt.com. Also, ask how many years of experience a trainer has — training the family dog as a teenager doesn't count — and how many dogs he's trained. Then ask for client references.
Group classes through local pet stores and community centers can cost substantially less, and good programs let you observe a class for free before signing up. Check to see how many dogs are being trained — ideally, no more than five per trainer — and how sophisticated the commands are. Basic obedience commands, such as "sit," "stay" and "down," are fine for puppies, but older dogs should learn commands for leaving the kitchen, for example, or "drop it" to let go of items picked up on the street.
3. "I'm a breeder all right . . . of health problems for pets."
All Ellen Szalinski wanted was a German shepherd puppy. What she got, after buying Bravo for $650 from a breeder, was a 4-pound, nine-week-old dog loaded with parasites and health problems. "As a consumer, I was an idiot," says the publications manager at Chicago's Children's Memorial Hospital. The breeder had promised that the puppy would bulk up in a few weeks, but two years and about $5,000 later, Bravo had endured knee operations and been treated for cartilage abnormalities and ruptured ligaments. "For what I spent, I could have made a down payment on a condo," Szalinski says, adding that Bravo is now healthy.
Poor nutrition and care during the first few weeks of life, while a puppy is still at the breeder's, can cause sickness for months or even years. You can increase your odds of getting a healthy purebred by choosing breeders who use the services of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, an organization that tests everything from thyroids to kidneys to hips; you can learn about specific breeds' health issues on OFA's Web site, www.offa.org. Ask breeders for a trial period in which to assess the pup's health and temperament. If you're not satisfied, you can return the dog for a full refund. A breeder who says no likely doesn't stand behind his animals.
4. "Ready for your annual cash-draining?"
Annual checkups should include a head-to-toe exam of a pet, along with vaccines, if necessary, and lab work for older pets. These exams can cost upwards of $150, and many vets tack on additional fees for such things as superfluous tests on a pet's blood and urine. Also, veterinarians and researchers debate the necessity of giving vaccines such as parvo and distemper annually.
How can you avoid overcharges? When it's time for an annual visit, ask the clinic to fax or e-mail an estimate and be prepared to discuss whether your pet needs the vaccines suggested, especially if it stays indoors. Ask about reduced rates on exams for additional pets; some vets offer discounts. Or go elsewhere: Organizations such as your local animal shelter, humane society or pet supplies store often provide services for a fraction of what a private-practice vet will charge.
Other services might be worth doing yourself — in particular, teeth cleaning. Toothbrushes designed in recent years that slip over a finger Finger Toothbrushes are much easier to run over a pet's teeth than traditional pet toothbrushes.
5. "We can 'insure' that you'll lose money."
With the boom in pet care services and veterinary specialists, as well as advances in veterinary techniques in recent years, animals are undergoing more extensive and costly procedures to fix what ails them. That's driving more owners to invest in pet insurance. A 2002 study of pet owners using AAHA hospitals found that one in 20 now carries pet health insurance, five times 1997's figure.
Unfortunately, pet insurance woes can be similar to human insurance woes. Premiums can run as high as $6,000 over a pet's lifetime, according to Consumer Reports, and preexisting conditions such as epilepsy or untreated hip dysplasia can disqualify your pet. If Sparky does qualify for a basic plan, reimbursements can be paltry, like a mere $10 per checkup.
If you shop well, however, insurance can sometimes be worthwhile. Emergency or surgery insurance plans cover large expenses for minimal premiums — often less than $10 a month, which isn't bad when you consider that procedures for accidents or cancer treatment can easily run north of $3,000. Premier Pet Insurance (www.ppins.com) and Petshealth Care Plan (www.petshealthplan.com) offer low-cost programs that cover up to $8,000 a year in emergency care. Pet Assure (www.petassure.com) costs $99 a year per dog and $59 per cat and offers 25 percent off the cost of major surgeries and other pet services at thousands of vet offices nationwide. Even without insurance, though, you may have recourse for big-ticket expenses. Many vets, if you ask, will negotiate weekly or monthly payment plans.
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Obesity
Advanced Animal Care Center
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
OBESITY
I have been told that my dog is obese and must be put on a diet. Is this true?
Nearly one-third (33%) of all adults in the United States are obese. Unfortunately, this same number now applies to our pets. Obesity leads to several diseases both in pets and people. Type II diabetes, heart disease and arthritis are the most common weight-related disorders.
Diet and weight reduction are the key to ensuring that your pet lives as long and healthy a life as possible.
What is obesity?
Obesity is defined as weighing 30% more than the ideal weight. With humans, this is fairly straightforward and can be determined by consulting weight and height charts. Dogs and cats are often diagnosed as obese by a combination of weight charts and body scoring.
A simplified form of body scoring follows:
VERY THIN
RIBS - Easily felt with no fat covering
TAIL BASE - Bones protrude with no tissue between the skin and bone
SIDE VIEW - Severe abdominal tuck or “drawn” appearance
OVERHEAD VIEW - Exaggerated hourglass shape
UNDERWEIGHT
RIBS - Easily felt with no fat covering
TAIL BASE - Bones are raised with little tissue between the skin and bone
SIDE VIEW - Abdominal tuck
OVERHEAD VIEW - Significant hourglass shape
IDEAL
RIBS - Easily felt with slight (1/2”) fat cover
TAIL BASE - Smooth but bones can be felt under a thin layer of fat
SIDE VIEW - Abdominal tuck
OVERHEAD VIEW - Well-proportioned waist is present
OVERWEIGHT
RIBS - Difficult to feel with moderate (>1/2”) fat cover
TAIL BASE - Some thickening or widening but bones can be felt under a moderate layer of fat
SIDE VIEW - No abdominal tuck or waist
OVERHEAD VIEW - Back is slightly broadened
OBESE
RIBS - Difficult to feel under thick fat cover
TAIL BASE - Thickened and difficult to feel under a thick layer of fat
SIDE VIEW - Fat hangs down from the abdomen and there is no waist
OVERHEAD VIEW - Markedly wide
If my dog is overweight, will his behavior change?
Most overweight or obese dogs are less active and do not play as much as normal dogs. These pets may be reluctant to climb stairs or jump into cars and often pant excessively after very minor exertion.
What is the cause of obesity?
Obesity is the accumulation of excess energy stored as fat. It occurs when your pet receives more calories then he needs and expends. Hypothyroidism is another cause of obesity and weight problems. Any overweight dog should be tested for hypothyroidism before beginning a weight loss program.
I had my dog neutered. Do you think this caused the problem?
It is very unlikely that neutering caused your pet’s weight problem. There is no scientific research that concludes that neutering causes obesity in dogs.
My dog can’t be obese because he only eats a small amount of food every day.
Obesity often develops insidiously. We think we are feeding our dogs only small quantities of food but tend to forget the treats and table foods. These treats add calories and result in weight gain. Even a few calories can add up over time.
What can I do?
With today’s advances in nutrition, weight loss has never been easier. Your veterinarian will design a safe and effective weight loss program to meet your dog’s lifestyle.
Encourage brisk, thirty-minute walks twice daily. Discontinue feeding table foods and treats. Instead, offer carrots, broccoli or veterinary-approved low-calorie treats.
Most pets can lose weight if you adhere to these recommendations. Weight loss in pets and humans is made up of an interaction between reduced caloric intake (eating less) and increasing caloric expenditures (more physical activity). The great news is that weight reduction is about 60% diet and 40% exercise. Weight loss is often a matter of diligence and persistence. Remember that the reason you are doing this is to help your pet live as long and healthy a life as possible. Who knows, you both may benefit from this diet!
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
OBESITY
I have been told that my dog is obese and must be put on a diet. Is this true?
Nearly one-third (33%) of all adults in the United States are obese. Unfortunately, this same number now applies to our pets. Obesity leads to several diseases both in pets and people. Type II diabetes, heart disease and arthritis are the most common weight-related disorders.
Diet and weight reduction are the key to ensuring that your pet lives as long and healthy a life as possible.
What is obesity?
Obesity is defined as weighing 30% more than the ideal weight. With humans, this is fairly straightforward and can be determined by consulting weight and height charts. Dogs and cats are often diagnosed as obese by a combination of weight charts and body scoring.
A simplified form of body scoring follows:
VERY THIN
RIBS - Easily felt with no fat covering
TAIL BASE - Bones protrude with no tissue between the skin and bone
SIDE VIEW - Severe abdominal tuck or “drawn” appearance
OVERHEAD VIEW - Exaggerated hourglass shape
UNDERWEIGHT
RIBS - Easily felt with no fat covering
TAIL BASE - Bones are raised with little tissue between the skin and bone
SIDE VIEW - Abdominal tuck
OVERHEAD VIEW - Significant hourglass shape
IDEAL
RIBS - Easily felt with slight (1/2”) fat cover
TAIL BASE - Smooth but bones can be felt under a thin layer of fat
SIDE VIEW - Abdominal tuck
OVERHEAD VIEW - Well-proportioned waist is present
OVERWEIGHT
RIBS - Difficult to feel with moderate (>1/2”) fat cover
TAIL BASE - Some thickening or widening but bones can be felt under a moderate layer of fat
SIDE VIEW - No abdominal tuck or waist
OVERHEAD VIEW - Back is slightly broadened
OBESE
RIBS - Difficult to feel under thick fat cover
TAIL BASE - Thickened and difficult to feel under a thick layer of fat
SIDE VIEW - Fat hangs down from the abdomen and there is no waist
OVERHEAD VIEW - Markedly wide
If my dog is overweight, will his behavior change?
Most overweight or obese dogs are less active and do not play as much as normal dogs. These pets may be reluctant to climb stairs or jump into cars and often pant excessively after very minor exertion.
What is the cause of obesity?
Obesity is the accumulation of excess energy stored as fat. It occurs when your pet receives more calories then he needs and expends. Hypothyroidism is another cause of obesity and weight problems. Any overweight dog should be tested for hypothyroidism before beginning a weight loss program.
I had my dog neutered. Do you think this caused the problem?
It is very unlikely that neutering caused your pet’s weight problem. There is no scientific research that concludes that neutering causes obesity in dogs.
My dog can’t be obese because he only eats a small amount of food every day.
Obesity often develops insidiously. We think we are feeding our dogs only small quantities of food but tend to forget the treats and table foods. These treats add calories and result in weight gain. Even a few calories can add up over time.
What can I do?
With today’s advances in nutrition, weight loss has never been easier. Your veterinarian will design a safe and effective weight loss program to meet your dog’s lifestyle.
Encourage brisk, thirty-minute walks twice daily. Discontinue feeding table foods and treats. Instead, offer carrots, broccoli or veterinary-approved low-calorie treats.
Most pets can lose weight if you adhere to these recommendations. Weight loss in pets and humans is made up of an interaction between reduced caloric intake (eating less) and increasing caloric expenditures (more physical activity). The great news is that weight reduction is about 60% diet and 40% exercise. Weight loss is often a matter of diligence and persistence. Remember that the reason you are doing this is to help your pet live as long and healthy a life as possible. Who knows, you both may benefit from this diet!
Wednesday, May 6, 2009
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Advanced Animal Care Center
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
What is inflammatory bowel disease?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestinal tract. Occasionally, the stomach may be involved. Most dogs with IBD have a history of recurrent or chronic vomiting or diarrhea. During periods of vomiting or diarrhea, the dog may lose weight but is normal otherwise.
What causes this disease?
The cause of IBD is poorly understood. In fact, it appears there are several causes. Whatever the cause, the end result is that the lining of the intestine is invaded by inflammatory cells. An allergic-type response then occurs within the intestinal tract. This inflammation interferes with the ability to digest and absorb nutrients.
For some dogs, diet plays a role in causing IBD. Bacterial proteins may be involved in other cases. In most instances, an exact underlying cause cannot be identified.
How is IBD diagnosed?
Diagnostic tests for IBD range from fecal evaluations to blood tests to intestinal biopsies. Depending on the results, special diets may then be tried depending on which part of the bowel appears to be involved. These diets include hypoallergenic foods, low residue diets or high fiber diets. In addition, if it appears from the blood tests that bacterial overgrowth is present, several medications may be administered.
Is IBD treatable?
When a diagnosis of IBD is made, the dog is usually placed on a hypoallergenic, low residue diet for eight to twelve weeks. If the dietary trial does not result in improvement, medication may be used to control the problem. Since not all dogs respond to the same medication, a series of drugs may be necessary.
What is the prognosis?
Once the appropriate drugs or diet is determined, many dogs remain on these for life, although dosages of the drugs may eventually be decreased. Occasionally, a dog will be able to stop drug therapy in the future.
Most dogs do well for many years while others require alterations in therapy every few months. Unfortunately, a few dogs will fail to respond to treatment.
Some severe forms of canine inflammatory bowel disease will eventually progress to intestinal cancer. This finding is well documented in human beings and, in recent years, it has also been shown to occur in dogs.
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
What is inflammatory bowel disease?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestinal tract. Occasionally, the stomach may be involved. Most dogs with IBD have a history of recurrent or chronic vomiting or diarrhea. During periods of vomiting or diarrhea, the dog may lose weight but is normal otherwise.
What causes this disease?
The cause of IBD is poorly understood. In fact, it appears there are several causes. Whatever the cause, the end result is that the lining of the intestine is invaded by inflammatory cells. An allergic-type response then occurs within the intestinal tract. This inflammation interferes with the ability to digest and absorb nutrients.
For some dogs, diet plays a role in causing IBD. Bacterial proteins may be involved in other cases. In most instances, an exact underlying cause cannot be identified.
How is IBD diagnosed?
Diagnostic tests for IBD range from fecal evaluations to blood tests to intestinal biopsies. Depending on the results, special diets may then be tried depending on which part of the bowel appears to be involved. These diets include hypoallergenic foods, low residue diets or high fiber diets. In addition, if it appears from the blood tests that bacterial overgrowth is present, several medications may be administered.
Is IBD treatable?
When a diagnosis of IBD is made, the dog is usually placed on a hypoallergenic, low residue diet for eight to twelve weeks. If the dietary trial does not result in improvement, medication may be used to control the problem. Since not all dogs respond to the same medication, a series of drugs may be necessary.
What is the prognosis?
Once the appropriate drugs or diet is determined, many dogs remain on these for life, although dosages of the drugs may eventually be decreased. Occasionally, a dog will be able to stop drug therapy in the future.
Most dogs do well for many years while others require alterations in therapy every few months. Unfortunately, a few dogs will fail to respond to treatment.
Some severe forms of canine inflammatory bowel disease will eventually progress to intestinal cancer. This finding is well documented in human beings and, in recent years, it has also been shown to occur in dogs.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Nutritional Blood Testing
The Power to Alter Your Pet’s Genes' Behavior
You may not realize it, but you and your pet have spent your lives altering your genetic activity. When you took your first sip of wine or beer, you turned up the volume on your body's genetic ability to detoxify alcohol. Every summer, when you strive for that perfect tan, you activate the genes that protect your skin. Genes are not a fixed set of preprogrammed instructions. They are a dynamic, active part of your pet’s life, responding each day to the environment and their diet. ”Naturopathy” or “Nutrigenomics” addresses your pet’s individual needs and works with their body to help maintain good health. Each pet has different problems and considerations, which is why each pet needs its own specifically individualized dietary supplementation.
Dr. Michel Selmer, has been helping his patients discover a health, vitality, and joy in life that their owner’s never thought possible, simply by having them alter what they eat, which supplements they were given, and how they exercised. Yet he always assumed that the genetic part of our story had already been written. Like most of us, he believed the genes we inherited from our parents were the cards we were dealt. But recently, Dr. Selmer began to discover that we have an enormous power to improve our pet’s lives, even when it comes to their genes. True, we can't do anything about which chromosomes they got from their parents; we can't add new genes to the mix or eradicate old ones. But the genes they got at conception are only the beginning of the story. Dr. Selmer belives that we have the capacity to turn up the volume on some genes and silence others, vastly improving our capacity to provide our pet’s good health and happiness. What is a Nutritional Blood Test? The Nutritional Blood Test, or NBT, is a diagnostic tool used by Dr. Selmer who recognizes the importance of integrating nutrition with patient care. The NBT assesses the health of internal organs and the available vitamins, minerals and enzymes required for the metabolic processes. Using blood results and medical history, the NBT prioritizes the nutrients required to help optimize organ function and balance metabolism. It then matches the results to specific Nutraceuticals that support a clinical response. The NBT nutritional therapy is adjunctive to your other methods of treatment. In addition, the supplements that comprise the NBT Nutraceutical Therapy can help improve chronic conditions and support the healing process. Even if the patient is already using supplements, the NBT enhances the ability to dispense them effectively. The NBT is not meant to diagnose a particular disease, recommend medical therapy or replace current diagnostic protocols. The NBT nutritional therapy is adjunctive to other methods of treatment. In addition, the supplements that comprise the NBT Nutraceutical Therapy can help improve chronic conditions and support the healing process even if you’re already using supplements for your animal.
How Does the NBT Work? The levels of certain chemicals in the blood are the end result of the metabolic processes and the utilization or excretion of the metabolic wastes from the body. The NBT looks beyond chemical testing and quantitative assays to identify imbalances that are due to poor nutrient absorption, utilization or metabolism. One contributing factor to the reported steady rise in chronic degenerative diseases in animals is the inadequate levels of vitamins, minerals, enzymes and vital nutrients found in many highly processed, commercially prepared foods. Over time, the animal’s nutrient reserves can become depleted, paving the way to disease. The NBT is a valuable tool for correcting these deficiencies and guiding sick animals back to health. The Optimum Range Within the normal blood reference range, there are subtle gradations of tissue integrity and organ efficiency that can be measured. The NBT assessment relies on an Optimum Range, an additional set of parameters that are narrower than the traditional reference range and in which organs and metabolic processes are functioning at peak efficiency. Results outside of the optimum range do not necessarily indicate disease. They do, however, indicate that a particular organ system is not functioning at optimal efficiency, and may require nutritional support. Just as the interpretation outside the normal range forms the basis for the diagnosis of a specific disease, the optimum range interpretation forms the basis for determining optimal- not just “passable”- health. The NBT compares the blood results to the optimum range. When a value falls outside of the optimum range, the underlying physiology and metabolism, as well as the specific glands involved and nutrients used by the body for these processes, are assessed. The assessment is further evaluated in combination with the diagnosis and the clinical signs, resulting in a recommended NBT Nutraceutical Program that is specific to your animal.
The Results of the NBT
The NBT provides a unique veterinary-client lab report that prescribes the most effective combination of nutrients including vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and raw glandulars, specifically blended to match the imbalances found in the animal's blood. These nutrients are precisely dosed according to the animal's weight and the severity of the imbalances or deficiencies The nutrient combination, referred to as the NBT Nutraceutical Therapy, is given orally in an easy-to-use powder along with symptom-oriented liquid remedies. In the powdered form, the designated number of “scoopfuls” is simply mixed with the animal's food. Liquids are given orally, separate from the food. All remedies are custom-prescribed and individually labeled. Advantages of Using Custom Blended Powder and Liquid Formulas Palatable
Easy to Administer
Dosed By Weight Of Animal
Food Grade Quality
Scientifically Linked to Blood Work
Free of Chemical Additives, Preservatives And Fillers
Maximum Assimilation And High Bio Availability Arrange for your animal to visit Dr. Selmer and request a Nutritional Blood Test (NBT). The NBT includes your animal’s routine blood work (CBC, Super Chem (w/LDH), T-4) along with the 9945 NBT form or a blood test questionnaire. After receiving the NBT results (typically within 3 to 5 days) Dr. Selmer will consult with you to go over your animal’s NBT results, after which, you may order the custom-blended nutraceutical powder or symptom-oriented liquid remedies.If you would like to start a NBT, please call our Dr. Selmer at (631) 367-7387 or send an email to us at drselmer@optonline.net
You may not realize it, but you and your pet have spent your lives altering your genetic activity. When you took your first sip of wine or beer, you turned up the volume on your body's genetic ability to detoxify alcohol. Every summer, when you strive for that perfect tan, you activate the genes that protect your skin. Genes are not a fixed set of preprogrammed instructions. They are a dynamic, active part of your pet’s life, responding each day to the environment and their diet. ”Naturopathy” or “Nutrigenomics” addresses your pet’s individual needs and works with their body to help maintain good health. Each pet has different problems and considerations, which is why each pet needs its own specifically individualized dietary supplementation.
Dr. Michel Selmer, has been helping his patients discover a health, vitality, and joy in life that their owner’s never thought possible, simply by having them alter what they eat, which supplements they were given, and how they exercised. Yet he always assumed that the genetic part of our story had already been written. Like most of us, he believed the genes we inherited from our parents were the cards we were dealt. But recently, Dr. Selmer began to discover that we have an enormous power to improve our pet’s lives, even when it comes to their genes. True, we can't do anything about which chromosomes they got from their parents; we can't add new genes to the mix or eradicate old ones. But the genes they got at conception are only the beginning of the story. Dr. Selmer belives that we have the capacity to turn up the volume on some genes and silence others, vastly improving our capacity to provide our pet’s good health and happiness. What is a Nutritional Blood Test? The Nutritional Blood Test, or NBT, is a diagnostic tool used by Dr. Selmer who recognizes the importance of integrating nutrition with patient care. The NBT assesses the health of internal organs and the available vitamins, minerals and enzymes required for the metabolic processes. Using blood results and medical history, the NBT prioritizes the nutrients required to help optimize organ function and balance metabolism. It then matches the results to specific Nutraceuticals that support a clinical response. The NBT nutritional therapy is adjunctive to your other methods of treatment. In addition, the supplements that comprise the NBT Nutraceutical Therapy can help improve chronic conditions and support the healing process. Even if the patient is already using supplements, the NBT enhances the ability to dispense them effectively. The NBT is not meant to diagnose a particular disease, recommend medical therapy or replace current diagnostic protocols. The NBT nutritional therapy is adjunctive to other methods of treatment. In addition, the supplements that comprise the NBT Nutraceutical Therapy can help improve chronic conditions and support the healing process even if you’re already using supplements for your animal.
How Does the NBT Work? The levels of certain chemicals in the blood are the end result of the metabolic processes and the utilization or excretion of the metabolic wastes from the body. The NBT looks beyond chemical testing and quantitative assays to identify imbalances that are due to poor nutrient absorption, utilization or metabolism. One contributing factor to the reported steady rise in chronic degenerative diseases in animals is the inadequate levels of vitamins, minerals, enzymes and vital nutrients found in many highly processed, commercially prepared foods. Over time, the animal’s nutrient reserves can become depleted, paving the way to disease. The NBT is a valuable tool for correcting these deficiencies and guiding sick animals back to health. The Optimum Range Within the normal blood reference range, there are subtle gradations of tissue integrity and organ efficiency that can be measured. The NBT assessment relies on an Optimum Range, an additional set of parameters that are narrower than the traditional reference range and in which organs and metabolic processes are functioning at peak efficiency. Results outside of the optimum range do not necessarily indicate disease. They do, however, indicate that a particular organ system is not functioning at optimal efficiency, and may require nutritional support. Just as the interpretation outside the normal range forms the basis for the diagnosis of a specific disease, the optimum range interpretation forms the basis for determining optimal- not just “passable”- health. The NBT compares the blood results to the optimum range. When a value falls outside of the optimum range, the underlying physiology and metabolism, as well as the specific glands involved and nutrients used by the body for these processes, are assessed. The assessment is further evaluated in combination with the diagnosis and the clinical signs, resulting in a recommended NBT Nutraceutical Program that is specific to your animal.
The Results of the NBT
The NBT provides a unique veterinary-client lab report that prescribes the most effective combination of nutrients including vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and raw glandulars, specifically blended to match the imbalances found in the animal's blood. These nutrients are precisely dosed according to the animal's weight and the severity of the imbalances or deficiencies The nutrient combination, referred to as the NBT Nutraceutical Therapy, is given orally in an easy-to-use powder along with symptom-oriented liquid remedies. In the powdered form, the designated number of “scoopfuls” is simply mixed with the animal's food. Liquids are given orally, separate from the food. All remedies are custom-prescribed and individually labeled. Advantages of Using Custom Blended Powder and Liquid Formulas Palatable
Easy to Administer
Dosed By Weight Of Animal
Food Grade Quality
Scientifically Linked to Blood Work
Free of Chemical Additives, Preservatives And Fillers
Maximum Assimilation And High Bio Availability Arrange for your animal to visit Dr. Selmer and request a Nutritional Blood Test (NBT). The NBT includes your animal’s routine blood work (CBC, Super Chem (w/LDH), T-4) along with the 9945 NBT form or a blood test questionnaire. After receiving the NBT results (typically within 3 to 5 days) Dr. Selmer will consult with you to go over your animal’s NBT results, after which, you may order the custom-blended nutraceutical powder or symptom-oriented liquid remedies.If you would like to start a NBT, please call our Dr. Selmer at (631) 367-7387 or send an email to us at drselmer@optonline.net
How to make your own dog food
How to Make Your Own Dog Food
Suggested Ingredients for Homemade Dog Food
Recent dog food recalls make homemade dog food recipes popular. Here's some ideas for making your own.
Many popular dog foods have recently been recalled because of food poisoning which in some cases has been fatal. North American stores have been pulling up to 48 brands off the shelves that Menu foods supplies. (Source: Animal Owners Frantic on Pet Food Recall, Matthew Verrinder, March 18th, 2007)
If you are concerned about the health and well being of your dog and wish to ensure they are getting uncontaminated foods there are ways of making your own healthy dog food. A suggested formula is 75% carbohydrates to 25% meat. A simple dog food recipe is to combine and cook brown rice, ground meat, vegetables, water and a small amount of brewers yeast. Dogs can’t digest vegetables very well, so they need to go through the food processor thoroughly before adding. Amounts of water vary depending on whether you want dry or wet food. Your dog food should be served at room temperature.
Ingredient ideas for dog food:
· Rice is a good carbohydrate for dogs. Brown rice is preferable as it has more nutrients.
· Brewers yeast which can be found in some grocers and health stores.
· Flour, such as corn flour, soy flour or whole wheat flour.
· Codliver oil or flaxseed in small amounts adds omega 3 and helps keep their coats shiny.
· Garlic can help get rid of tape worms and fleas as well as fight infection. (caution as large amounts can cause illness in dogs)
· Meats suggested to use are liver, beef, tuna, lamb or chicken. It’s easier to add to food if the meat is ground.
· Dogs also enjoy peanut butter and biscuits can be made with them by adding flour, bone meal and/or powdered milk, brewers yeast and even carrots. Peanuts are one of the few nuts that are safe for your dog.
· Some vegetables are ok such as carrots, broccoli and spinach, but they need to be put through a food processor first to aid in digestion. (Broccoli is not good in large amounts.)
· Bonemeal may need to be added to ensure they are getting calcium. Raw meaty bones are a good source of calcium. Powdered milk is also a popular ingredient in dog food.
Some foods to avoid which may be dangerous to dogs:
· Chocolate which can cause seizures in dogs.
· Coffee and tea can cause similar problems as chocolate.
· Raisins and grapes can cause kidney failure.
· Nutmeg can also cause seizures.
· Raw eggs could contain salmonella, so they’re not worth the risk.
· Onions are not advised as they can interfere with blood circulation.
· Macadamia nuts can cause dogs to have tremors and lead to paralysis.
· Other food cautions include moldy foods, yeast dough and fruit pits. Many fruit pits contain cyanide.
For more information on the dog food recall, see the newsletter at www.advancedcareforpets.com
"Our humanity is not measured by how we treat other people. Our humanity is measured by how we treat animals." -Chuck Palahniuk.
Sincerely,
Michel Selmer, DVM
Suggested Ingredients for Homemade Dog Food
Recent dog food recalls make homemade dog food recipes popular. Here's some ideas for making your own.
Many popular dog foods have recently been recalled because of food poisoning which in some cases has been fatal. North American stores have been pulling up to 48 brands off the shelves that Menu foods supplies. (Source: Animal Owners Frantic on Pet Food Recall, Matthew Verrinder, March 18th, 2007)
If you are concerned about the health and well being of your dog and wish to ensure they are getting uncontaminated foods there are ways of making your own healthy dog food. A suggested formula is 75% carbohydrates to 25% meat. A simple dog food recipe is to combine and cook brown rice, ground meat, vegetables, water and a small amount of brewers yeast. Dogs can’t digest vegetables very well, so they need to go through the food processor thoroughly before adding. Amounts of water vary depending on whether you want dry or wet food. Your dog food should be served at room temperature.
Ingredient ideas for dog food:
· Rice is a good carbohydrate for dogs. Brown rice is preferable as it has more nutrients.
· Brewers yeast which can be found in some grocers and health stores.
· Flour, such as corn flour, soy flour or whole wheat flour.
· Codliver oil or flaxseed in small amounts adds omega 3 and helps keep their coats shiny.
· Garlic can help get rid of tape worms and fleas as well as fight infection. (caution as large amounts can cause illness in dogs)
· Meats suggested to use are liver, beef, tuna, lamb or chicken. It’s easier to add to food if the meat is ground.
· Dogs also enjoy peanut butter and biscuits can be made with them by adding flour, bone meal and/or powdered milk, brewers yeast and even carrots. Peanuts are one of the few nuts that are safe for your dog.
· Some vegetables are ok such as carrots, broccoli and spinach, but they need to be put through a food processor first to aid in digestion. (Broccoli is not good in large amounts.)
· Bonemeal may need to be added to ensure they are getting calcium. Raw meaty bones are a good source of calcium. Powdered milk is also a popular ingredient in dog food.
Some foods to avoid which may be dangerous to dogs:
· Chocolate which can cause seizures in dogs.
· Coffee and tea can cause similar problems as chocolate.
· Raisins and grapes can cause kidney failure.
· Nutmeg can also cause seizures.
· Raw eggs could contain salmonella, so they’re not worth the risk.
· Onions are not advised as they can interfere with blood circulation.
· Macadamia nuts can cause dogs to have tremors and lead to paralysis.
· Other food cautions include moldy foods, yeast dough and fruit pits. Many fruit pits contain cyanide.
For more information on the dog food recall, see the newsletter at www.advancedcareforpets.com
"Our humanity is not measured by how we treat other people. Our humanity is measured by how we treat animals." -Chuck Palahniuk.
Sincerely,
Michel Selmer, DVM
Monday, May 4, 2009
Euthanasia - When is it time?
Advanced Animal Care Center
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
Euthanasia
When is it Time?
The decision regarding the euthanasia of a beloved pet may be the most difficult decision one makes in one’s entire life; obviously, the consequences are irrevocable. Whatever the decision is, it should be one that you can always look back upon and know that the best decision was made and that you would make the same decision over again in the same situation.
So how do you know if it is time? There are several criteria used in evaluating life quality and you should consider them carefully.
Is your pet eating? Basically, quality life involves eating or at least interest in food. An animal that is hungry has vitality that must be considered, though this is not the only consideration.
Is your pet comfortable? The pet should be free of debilitating pains, cramps, aches or even the psychological pain that comes from the development of incontinence in an animal who has been housebroken for an entire life.
Does the pet still enjoy favorite activities? The elderly pet does not necessarily need to continue chasing balls or jumping after discs but he should enjoy sleeping comfortably, favorite resting spots, the company of family, etc. You know your pet better than any one and only you can truly answer these questions.
Dr. Alice Villalobos, the veterinarian who started Pawspice, a quality of life program for terminal pets, has published a scoring system for life quality called The HHHHHMM scale. The letters stand for: Hurt, Hunger, Hydration, Hygiene, Happiness, Mobility, and More Good Days than Bad.
Quality of Life Scale: The HHHHHMM Scale
Pet caregivers can use this Quality of Life Scale to determinethe success of pawspice care. Score patients using a scale of 1 to 10.
Score
Criterion
1-10
HURT - Adequate pain control, including breathing ability, is first and foremost on the scale. Is the pet's pain successfully managed? Is oxygen necessary?
1-10
HUNGER - Is the pet eating enough? Does hand feeding help? Does the patient require a feeding tube?
1-10
HYDRATION - Is the patient dehydrated? For patients not drinking enough, use subcutaneous fluids once or twice daily to supplement fluid intake.
1-10
HYGIENE - The patient should be brushed and cleaned, particularly after elimination. Avoid pressure scores and keep all wounds clean.
1-10
HAPPINESS - Does the pet express joy and interest? Is the pet responsive to things around him or her (family, toys, etc.)? Is the pet depressed, lonely, anxious, bored or afraid? Can the pet's bed be close to the family activities and not be isolated?
1-10
MOBILITY - Can the patient get up without assistance? Does the pet need human or mechanical help (e.g., a cart)? Does the pet feel like going for a walk? Is the pet having seizures or stumbling? (Some caregivers feel euthanasia is preferable to amputation, yet an animal who has limited mobility but is still alert and responsive can have a good quality of life as long as caregivers are committed to helping the pet.)
1-10
MORE GOOD DAYS THAN BAD - When bad days outnumber good days, quality of life might be compromised. When a healthy human-animal bond is no longer possible, the caregiver must be made aware the end is near. The decision needs to be made if the pet is suffering. If death comes peacefully and painlessly, that is okay.
*TOTAL
*A total over 35 points represents acceptable life quality
Adapted by Villalobos, A.E., Quality of Life Scale Helps Make Final Call, VPN, 09/2004, for Canine and Feline Geriatric Oncology Honoring the Human-Animal Bond, by Blackwell Publishing, Table 10.1, released 2006.
If you are considering euthanasia, discuss the pet’s condition with your veterinarian prior to making a decision or even coming in for an appointment. Every veterinarian has a story or two about the pet that was brought in for euthanasia but turned out to have a relatively simple problem and ultimately achieved a complete recovery.The mental process of making the euthanasia decision is heart breaking and you do not want to have to undergo this process twice but, on the other hand, you do not want to euthanize a pet with a treatable disease. Many times people come in for their euthanasia appointment having already made their decision when, in fact, their pet has a reversible problem.
Do not assume your pet’s condition is untreatable.Call your veterinarian first and discuss the situationbefore you are too far into this emotional process to turn back.
Use the medical resources available to youto get all the facts and options before making this decision.
Should You be Present?
Again, this is a very personal decision. On one hand, you probably do not want your pet to be alone with strangers in the final moments but on the other hand you may not be up to watching your pet’s death. Every owner wants to think of euthanasia as a gentle slipping into death, much like falling asleep. In reality, the pet will probably not close his eyes, and there may be a final twitch, gasp, or even urination. Some animal hospitals do not allow pet owners to be present for euthanasia as it may be disturbing to an owner. To help ease this transition between and death, sometimes a tranquilizer is given first to alleviate some of the above, but you should keep in mind that this may not be how you want to remember your pet.
The issue of children being present is a personal one and the above information should be considered.
How is the Procedure Performed?
Different clinics have different approaches. At my clinic, appropriate forms must be signed in order for the procedure to take place. If the owner is to be present, an intravenous catheter may be placed. This takes a few minutes and is usually done while the owner pays for the procedure and deals with paperwork. The payment transaction is done prior to the procedure so that the owner will not have to tearfully sign checks or credit card slips just following the emotional height of the procedure.
The intravenous catheter serves several purposes. First, the euthanasia solution is painful if administered outside the vein. The catheter ensures clean access to the vein, even if the owner is holding the pet. The catheter also allows for a sedative to be administered prior to the euthanasia solution.
After the catheter is placed, the pet re-joins the owner in the exam room. The owner may spend some last time alone with the pet if desired.
The procedure itself is very fast. If a sedative is to be used, it is given first so that the pet is euthanized from a sleeping status. The euthanasia solution, generally dyed a bright color so that it cannot be mistaken for anything else, is delivered and death comes peacefully in a matter of seconds. The owner is allowed to remain with the pet for final private goodbyes. At the end of this time, after the last goodbyes and caresses are completed, the owner simply exits the room when ready and the hospital staff takes over.
Let the veterinarian know in advance if you would like a lock of hair or the collar as a keepsake.
What Happens To My Pet Afterwards?
Most clinics offer several disposal methods.
1. A rendering provider can be contracted to dispose of pet remains. This is via a chemical process called rendering, and is sometimes free of charge.
2. As another option, your pet’s remains can be part of a group cremation. There is usually an extra charge for this service.
3. If you wish, you may have a private cremation and the ashes will be returned to you either in an urn of your choosing or a cedar box (the basic option). There is an additional charge for the service and the urn.
4. Private services can sometimes be arranged through local providers.
5. Many city ordinances prohibit the burial of a pet’s body at home, so check what is legal in your area.
Autopsy (called necropsy for animals) is available and is compatible with any of the options listed above. There are different levels of detail for this procedure. If you have unanswered questions or a legal interest in these results, please discuss the details with your veterinarian.
Grieving
Grief is a natural part of loss and has predicable stages. Do not feel ashamed or embarrassed about grieving for the loss of an animal. Our pets are beloved family members and their loss is keenly felt. Still, it is important to realize that death is a natural end to life and that love will always continue. There are many resources available to assist you in your grieving process.
The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine has a Pet Loss Support Program that offers toll-free telephone support to callers. The hours are Monday through Friday, from 6:30 am to 9:30 pm Pacific Standard Time.1-800-565-1526
In addition, the following on-line areas may be helpful:
www.petloss.comwww.in-memory-of-pets.com/pet-loss.htm
Helpful books are available as well:
Final Farewell: Preparing For and Mourning the Loss of Your PetBy Marty Tousley and Katherine Heuerman. 85 pages; illustrated. Our Pals Publishing Co, 3629 N 40th Ave. Phoenix AZ 85019. 1997
Healing the Pain of Pet Loss: Letters in Memoriumedited by Kymberly Smith, The Charles Press.
Absent Friend: Coping with the Loss of a Treasured Friendby Laura and Martyn Lee, pub. by Henston Press, High Wycombe, Bucks, England, 1992.
The Rainbow Bridge
Just this side of heaven is a place called Rainbow Bridge. When an animal dies that has been especially close to someone here, that pet goes to Rainbow Bridge. There are meadows and hills for all of our special friends so they can run and play together. There is plenty of food, water and sunshine, and our friends are warm and comfortable. All the animals who had been ill and old are restored to health and vigor. Those who were hurt or maimed are made whole and strong again, just as we remember them in our dreams of days and times gone by. The animals are happy and content, except for one small thing; they each miss someone very special to them, who had to be left behind.
They all run and play together, but the day comes when one suddenly stops and looks into the distance. His bright eyes are intent. His eager body quivers. Suddenly he begins to run from the group, flying over the green grass, his legs carrying him faster and faster. You have been spotted, and when you and your special friend finally meet, you cling together in joyous reunion, never to be parted again. The happy kisses rain upon your face; your hands again caress the beloved head, and you look once more into the trusting eyes of your pet, so long gone from your life but never absent from your heart. Then you cross Rainbow Bridge together...
260 Evergreen Avenue
Huntington Station, NY, 11746
Phone: (631) 367-7387 Fax:(631) 367-7414 advancedcareforpets.com
Euthanasia
When is it Time?
The decision regarding the euthanasia of a beloved pet may be the most difficult decision one makes in one’s entire life; obviously, the consequences are irrevocable. Whatever the decision is, it should be one that you can always look back upon and know that the best decision was made and that you would make the same decision over again in the same situation.
So how do you know if it is time? There are several criteria used in evaluating life quality and you should consider them carefully.
Is your pet eating? Basically, quality life involves eating or at least interest in food. An animal that is hungry has vitality that must be considered, though this is not the only consideration.
Is your pet comfortable? The pet should be free of debilitating pains, cramps, aches or even the psychological pain that comes from the development of incontinence in an animal who has been housebroken for an entire life.
Does the pet still enjoy favorite activities? The elderly pet does not necessarily need to continue chasing balls or jumping after discs but he should enjoy sleeping comfortably, favorite resting spots, the company of family, etc. You know your pet better than any one and only you can truly answer these questions.
Dr. Alice Villalobos, the veterinarian who started Pawspice, a quality of life program for terminal pets, has published a scoring system for life quality called The HHHHHMM scale. The letters stand for: Hurt, Hunger, Hydration, Hygiene, Happiness, Mobility, and More Good Days than Bad.
Quality of Life Scale: The HHHHHMM Scale
Pet caregivers can use this Quality of Life Scale to determinethe success of pawspice care. Score patients using a scale of 1 to 10.
Score
Criterion
1-10
HURT - Adequate pain control, including breathing ability, is first and foremost on the scale. Is the pet's pain successfully managed? Is oxygen necessary?
1-10
HUNGER - Is the pet eating enough? Does hand feeding help? Does the patient require a feeding tube?
1-10
HYDRATION - Is the patient dehydrated? For patients not drinking enough, use subcutaneous fluids once or twice daily to supplement fluid intake.
1-10
HYGIENE - The patient should be brushed and cleaned, particularly after elimination. Avoid pressure scores and keep all wounds clean.
1-10
HAPPINESS - Does the pet express joy and interest? Is the pet responsive to things around him or her (family, toys, etc.)? Is the pet depressed, lonely, anxious, bored or afraid? Can the pet's bed be close to the family activities and not be isolated?
1-10
MOBILITY - Can the patient get up without assistance? Does the pet need human or mechanical help (e.g., a cart)? Does the pet feel like going for a walk? Is the pet having seizures or stumbling? (Some caregivers feel euthanasia is preferable to amputation, yet an animal who has limited mobility but is still alert and responsive can have a good quality of life as long as caregivers are committed to helping the pet.)
1-10
MORE GOOD DAYS THAN BAD - When bad days outnumber good days, quality of life might be compromised. When a healthy human-animal bond is no longer possible, the caregiver must be made aware the end is near. The decision needs to be made if the pet is suffering. If death comes peacefully and painlessly, that is okay.
*TOTAL
*A total over 35 points represents acceptable life quality
Adapted by Villalobos, A.E., Quality of Life Scale Helps Make Final Call, VPN, 09/2004, for Canine and Feline Geriatric Oncology Honoring the Human-Animal Bond, by Blackwell Publishing, Table 10.1, released 2006.
If you are considering euthanasia, discuss the pet’s condition with your veterinarian prior to making a decision or even coming in for an appointment. Every veterinarian has a story or two about the pet that was brought in for euthanasia but turned out to have a relatively simple problem and ultimately achieved a complete recovery.The mental process of making the euthanasia decision is heart breaking and you do not want to have to undergo this process twice but, on the other hand, you do not want to euthanize a pet with a treatable disease. Many times people come in for their euthanasia appointment having already made their decision when, in fact, their pet has a reversible problem.
Do not assume your pet’s condition is untreatable.Call your veterinarian first and discuss the situationbefore you are too far into this emotional process to turn back.
Use the medical resources available to youto get all the facts and options before making this decision.
Should You be Present?
Again, this is a very personal decision. On one hand, you probably do not want your pet to be alone with strangers in the final moments but on the other hand you may not be up to watching your pet’s death. Every owner wants to think of euthanasia as a gentle slipping into death, much like falling asleep. In reality, the pet will probably not close his eyes, and there may be a final twitch, gasp, or even urination. Some animal hospitals do not allow pet owners to be present for euthanasia as it may be disturbing to an owner. To help ease this transition between and death, sometimes a tranquilizer is given first to alleviate some of the above, but you should keep in mind that this may not be how you want to remember your pet.
The issue of children being present is a personal one and the above information should be considered.
How is the Procedure Performed?
Different clinics have different approaches. At my clinic, appropriate forms must be signed in order for the procedure to take place. If the owner is to be present, an intravenous catheter may be placed. This takes a few minutes and is usually done while the owner pays for the procedure and deals with paperwork. The payment transaction is done prior to the procedure so that the owner will not have to tearfully sign checks or credit card slips just following the emotional height of the procedure.
The intravenous catheter serves several purposes. First, the euthanasia solution is painful if administered outside the vein. The catheter ensures clean access to the vein, even if the owner is holding the pet. The catheter also allows for a sedative to be administered prior to the euthanasia solution.
After the catheter is placed, the pet re-joins the owner in the exam room. The owner may spend some last time alone with the pet if desired.
The procedure itself is very fast. If a sedative is to be used, it is given first so that the pet is euthanized from a sleeping status. The euthanasia solution, generally dyed a bright color so that it cannot be mistaken for anything else, is delivered and death comes peacefully in a matter of seconds. The owner is allowed to remain with the pet for final private goodbyes. At the end of this time, after the last goodbyes and caresses are completed, the owner simply exits the room when ready and the hospital staff takes over.
Let the veterinarian know in advance if you would like a lock of hair or the collar as a keepsake.
What Happens To My Pet Afterwards?
Most clinics offer several disposal methods.
1. A rendering provider can be contracted to dispose of pet remains. This is via a chemical process called rendering, and is sometimes free of charge.
2. As another option, your pet’s remains can be part of a group cremation. There is usually an extra charge for this service.
3. If you wish, you may have a private cremation and the ashes will be returned to you either in an urn of your choosing or a cedar box (the basic option). There is an additional charge for the service and the urn.
4. Private services can sometimes be arranged through local providers.
5. Many city ordinances prohibit the burial of a pet’s body at home, so check what is legal in your area.
Autopsy (called necropsy for animals) is available and is compatible with any of the options listed above. There are different levels of detail for this procedure. If you have unanswered questions or a legal interest in these results, please discuss the details with your veterinarian.
Grieving
Grief is a natural part of loss and has predicable stages. Do not feel ashamed or embarrassed about grieving for the loss of an animal. Our pets are beloved family members and their loss is keenly felt. Still, it is important to realize that death is a natural end to life and that love will always continue. There are many resources available to assist you in your grieving process.
The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine has a Pet Loss Support Program that offers toll-free telephone support to callers. The hours are Monday through Friday, from 6:30 am to 9:30 pm Pacific Standard Time.1-800-565-1526
In addition, the following on-line areas may be helpful:
www.petloss.comwww.in-memory-of-pets.com/pet-loss.htm
Helpful books are available as well:
Final Farewell: Preparing For and Mourning the Loss of Your PetBy Marty Tousley and Katherine Heuerman. 85 pages; illustrated. Our Pals Publishing Co, 3629 N 40th Ave. Phoenix AZ 85019. 1997
Healing the Pain of Pet Loss: Letters in Memoriumedited by Kymberly Smith, The Charles Press.
Absent Friend: Coping with the Loss of a Treasured Friendby Laura and Martyn Lee, pub. by Henston Press, High Wycombe, Bucks, England, 1992.
The Rainbow Bridge
Just this side of heaven is a place called Rainbow Bridge. When an animal dies that has been especially close to someone here, that pet goes to Rainbow Bridge. There are meadows and hills for all of our special friends so they can run and play together. There is plenty of food, water and sunshine, and our friends are warm and comfortable. All the animals who had been ill and old are restored to health and vigor. Those who were hurt or maimed are made whole and strong again, just as we remember them in our dreams of days and times gone by. The animals are happy and content, except for one small thing; they each miss someone very special to them, who had to be left behind.
They all run and play together, but the day comes when one suddenly stops and looks into the distance. His bright eyes are intent. His eager body quivers. Suddenly he begins to run from the group, flying over the green grass, his legs carrying him faster and faster. You have been spotted, and when you and your special friend finally meet, you cling together in joyous reunion, never to be parted again. The happy kisses rain upon your face; your hands again caress the beloved head, and you look once more into the trusting eyes of your pet, so long gone from your life but never absent from your heart. Then you cross Rainbow Bridge together...
Laparoscopic Spay
Because Your Pet deserves the Best Care available
What is Laparoscopy?
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for viewing the internal structures of the abdomen. A laparoscope (camera) inserted through a small incision in the abdomen magnifies internal structures of the abdomen on a TV monitor for thorough examination. Additional small incisions are made to facilitate the use of surgical instruments. The most common application of laparoscopy is biopsy. In recent years, laparoscopy has been adopted as less traumatic and less painful alternative to traditional spays.
What is the Difference?
Traditional Spays
In traditional spays a 2” to 3” incision is made in the abdomen through which the ovarian ligament is torn from the abdominal wall. This tearing may cause bruising to the abdominal wall and postoperative pain. By performing the procedure laparoscopically the patient experiences less trauma and minimal pain.
Laparoscopic Spays
In laparoscopic spays the procedure is performed through two or three small incisions in the abdomen, typically 3/16” in size depending the size of the animal. With the laparoscope we are able to perform the surgery with magnified views of the organs, allowing for greater precision. The ovarian ligament is carefully cut and cauterized, rather than torn. With laparoscopic spays we are able to offer our patients reduced pain, minimal recovery time and less trauma than with traditional spays.
Advantages of Laparoscopic Spays over Traditional Surgery
1.) Smaller incisions are less painful and reduce recovery time.
2.) Controlled cuts minimize pain and bruising caused by tearing tissue in traditional spays.
3.) Simple to perform and involves few complications
4.) Allows for excellent visualization of abdominal organs.
5.) The entire surgery is performed through a few tiny incisions rather than a larger abdominal opening.
6.) In larger breed dog’s gastropexy can be performed at the time of spay.
What is Laparoscopy?
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for viewing the internal structures of the abdomen. A laparoscope (camera) inserted through a small incision in the abdomen magnifies internal structures of the abdomen on a TV monitor for thorough examination. Additional small incisions are made to facilitate the use of surgical instruments. The most common application of laparoscopy is biopsy. In recent years, laparoscopy has been adopted as less traumatic and less painful alternative to traditional spays.
What is the Difference?
Traditional Spays
In traditional spays a 2” to 3” incision is made in the abdomen through which the ovarian ligament is torn from the abdominal wall. This tearing may cause bruising to the abdominal wall and postoperative pain. By performing the procedure laparoscopically the patient experiences less trauma and minimal pain.
Laparoscopic Spays
In laparoscopic spays the procedure is performed through two or three small incisions in the abdomen, typically 3/16” in size depending the size of the animal. With the laparoscope we are able to perform the surgery with magnified views of the organs, allowing for greater precision. The ovarian ligament is carefully cut and cauterized, rather than torn. With laparoscopic spays we are able to offer our patients reduced pain, minimal recovery time and less trauma than with traditional spays.
Advantages of Laparoscopic Spays over Traditional Surgery
1.) Smaller incisions are less painful and reduce recovery time.
2.) Controlled cuts minimize pain and bruising caused by tearing tissue in traditional spays.
3.) Simple to perform and involves few complications
4.) Allows for excellent visualization of abdominal organs.
5.) The entire surgery is performed through a few tiny incisions rather than a larger abdominal opening.
6.) In larger breed dog’s gastropexy can be performed at the time of spay.
Saturday, May 2, 2009
The Dangers of Sugar Free Gum.......
Xylitol Toxicosis
What is Xylitol?
Xylitol is a white, crystalline sugar alcohol that is used as a sugar substitute sweetener in many products. In the United States, the use of xylitol has grown rapidly over the last few years. It is increasingly found in sugar-free gum, candy, and foods. It is also available in granulated form for baking. It is popular among diabetics and those on low-carbohydrate diets. It also is increasingly being included in toothpastes and other oral hygiene products due to its anti-cavity properties.
How is Xylitol Different in Humans than Dogs?
In humans, xylitol is absorbed slowly and has little to no effect on blood sugar or insulin levels. However, in dogs, xylitol is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. It then acts as a strong promoter of insulin release, which causes profound hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In dogs, xylitol can also cause liver failure, bleeding, and death.
Xylitol’s effect on insulin and blood glucose in cats is not clear at this time.
How much Xylitol is Toxic to my Pet?
It takes very little xylitol to cause signs of toxicity in dogs. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) has reported that dogs ingesting greater than 0.1 g/kg of xylitol should be considered at risk for hypoglycemia. At doses exceeding 0.5 g/kg, there is risk of liver failure and other more serious effects.
It is often difficult to determine exactly how many grams of xylitol were ingested. Although the xylitol content is more commonly listed on food products, this is not the case with many chewing gums. In general, we estimate that one or two pieces of gum could cause hypoglycemia in a 20 lb dog. For granulated (baking) xylitol, one cup weighs about 190 grams.
What are the Symptoms? What Tests can be done to Diagnose Xylitol Toxicity?
Diagnosis is made on history of ingestion, symptoms, and blood work. Because of the rapid progression of the toxic effect, testing for xylitol in the blood is not realistic.
· Vomiting is often the first symptom
· Signs of hypoglycemia (lethargy, weakness) occur rapidly
· Diarrhea, collapse and seizures may be seen.
Dogs that develop acute liver failure may not show signs of hypoglycemia immediately after ingestion of xylitol.
What other Toxins Should be Ruled Out?
Other causes of low blood sugar should be ruled out (overdose of insulin, young or toy breed – related hypoglycemia, etc). In addition, many other toxins can cause liver disease (sago palms, hepatotoxic mushrooms, Tylenol ®, aflatoxins, other drugs). Infectious liver diseases, shunts, and cancer must be considered as well.
Is Xylitol Poisoning Treatable?
· All xylitol exposures should be evaluated by a veterinarian immediately. This is because of xylitol’s rapid absorption, which carries a risk of severe hypoglycemia, liver failure, and even death.
· There is no antidote for xylitol toxicity.
· Remember that even tiny doses—1 to 2 pieces of xylitol-containing gum-- can be toxic to a dog.
· Do not induce vomiting or give anything orally unless directed by your veterinarian.
What is the Prognosis?
The prognosis is good for uncomplicated hypoglycemia when treatment can be instituted promptly. Liver failure and bleeding disorders generally carry a poor prognosis. Dogs that develop stupor or coma have a grave prognosis.
Is it an Epidemic?
“In the last few years, xylitol has grown from being a rare (or non-existent) problem to being a very common one. The dictionary defines epidemic as ‘affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time’…so… technically you can call xylitol an epidemic.” - Eric Dunayer, MS, VMD, DABT, DABVT; ASPCA APCC; VIN, 8/16/2008
The number of products containing xylitol has been steadily rising over the last few years, with a resultant surge in xylitol cases reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.
Chart prepared by Carlye Rose, D.V.M., Diplomate A.B.V.P.
Xylitol poisoning is preventable. Xylitol-containing foods or gums should not be consumed in pet-owning households.
What is Xylitol?
Xylitol is a white, crystalline sugar alcohol that is used as a sugar substitute sweetener in many products. In the United States, the use of xylitol has grown rapidly over the last few years. It is increasingly found in sugar-free gum, candy, and foods. It is also available in granulated form for baking. It is popular among diabetics and those on low-carbohydrate diets. It also is increasingly being included in toothpastes and other oral hygiene products due to its anti-cavity properties.
How is Xylitol Different in Humans than Dogs?
In humans, xylitol is absorbed slowly and has little to no effect on blood sugar or insulin levels. However, in dogs, xylitol is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. It then acts as a strong promoter of insulin release, which causes profound hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In dogs, xylitol can also cause liver failure, bleeding, and death.
Xylitol’s effect on insulin and blood glucose in cats is not clear at this time.
How much Xylitol is Toxic to my Pet?
It takes very little xylitol to cause signs of toxicity in dogs. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) has reported that dogs ingesting greater than 0.1 g/kg of xylitol should be considered at risk for hypoglycemia. At doses exceeding 0.5 g/kg, there is risk of liver failure and other more serious effects.
It is often difficult to determine exactly how many grams of xylitol were ingested. Although the xylitol content is more commonly listed on food products, this is not the case with many chewing gums. In general, we estimate that one or two pieces of gum could cause hypoglycemia in a 20 lb dog. For granulated (baking) xylitol, one cup weighs about 190 grams.
What are the Symptoms? What Tests can be done to Diagnose Xylitol Toxicity?
Diagnosis is made on history of ingestion, symptoms, and blood work. Because of the rapid progression of the toxic effect, testing for xylitol in the blood is not realistic.
· Vomiting is often the first symptom
· Signs of hypoglycemia (lethargy, weakness) occur rapidly
· Diarrhea, collapse and seizures may be seen.
Dogs that develop acute liver failure may not show signs of hypoglycemia immediately after ingestion of xylitol.
What other Toxins Should be Ruled Out?
Other causes of low blood sugar should be ruled out (overdose of insulin, young or toy breed – related hypoglycemia, etc). In addition, many other toxins can cause liver disease (sago palms, hepatotoxic mushrooms, Tylenol ®, aflatoxins, other drugs). Infectious liver diseases, shunts, and cancer must be considered as well.
Is Xylitol Poisoning Treatable?
· All xylitol exposures should be evaluated by a veterinarian immediately. This is because of xylitol’s rapid absorption, which carries a risk of severe hypoglycemia, liver failure, and even death.
· There is no antidote for xylitol toxicity.
· Remember that even tiny doses—1 to 2 pieces of xylitol-containing gum-- can be toxic to a dog.
· Do not induce vomiting or give anything orally unless directed by your veterinarian.
What is the Prognosis?
The prognosis is good for uncomplicated hypoglycemia when treatment can be instituted promptly. Liver failure and bleeding disorders generally carry a poor prognosis. Dogs that develop stupor or coma have a grave prognosis.
Is it an Epidemic?
“In the last few years, xylitol has grown from being a rare (or non-existent) problem to being a very common one. The dictionary defines epidemic as ‘affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time’…so… technically you can call xylitol an epidemic.” - Eric Dunayer, MS, VMD, DABT, DABVT; ASPCA APCC; VIN, 8/16/2008
The number of products containing xylitol has been steadily rising over the last few years, with a resultant surge in xylitol cases reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.
Chart prepared by Carlye Rose, D.V.M., Diplomate A.B.V.P.
Xylitol poisoning is preventable. Xylitol-containing foods or gums should not be consumed in pet-owning households.
Friday, May 1, 2009
One Boy's Best Friend
(CBS) Eleven-year-old Parker Weishaar is just about the most well-behaved kid you'll ever meet — now.Parker has a form of autism called Asperger's syndrome. CBS News correspondent Steve Hartman reports that one of the symptoms can be violent outbursts.His parents, Wendy and Mark, "couldn't deal with it. We would have incidences in the classroom where he would kind of clear off the bookshelves."They say they tried everything — but not until recently did they find something that really seemed to fix the problem."Almost instantly," they say of the transformation. "Some things changed right away and we'd each look at each other and go, 'Oh my goodness.'"What worked for them was Candy. Not the sweet stuff — a dog … named Candy. She's a certified assistance dog whose job basically is to be with Parker; to stick right by his side, 24/7."She helps me, she calms me down, she lets me know she's there when I'm about to have a meltdown," Parker says.Wendy and Mark got the dog about a year ago, and Parker hasn't had an outburst since.But that's just half the story. Kids with autism have a lot of other issues, too — and for those, there's this: dog agility. Parker says it was "really, extremely tough" to learn at first.Although it's generally the domain of middle-aged women, Parker's mom says the sport is also "great" autism therapy. "You're doing speech therapy, you've got to get commands out … while you're running … and you've got to keep your body in control when you don't have good motor movement," says Wendy.Part of dog agility is learning how to handle disappointment — especially with this dog. She had yet to actually finish a course. But Parker didn't seem to mind."Anybody who has autism, anybody in the world would just benefit from this," Parker says. "She's just like a healing dog."Healing for Parker. The idea is still new and unproven, but for one boy, on one day, there was never any doubt his dog had some kind of magic.During her last race, something got into Candy. The dog that had never finished the course before did every "through" and made every "over." It was an absolutely flawless performance.Candy not only finished for the first time — she actually finished first, earning a kiss from Parker. That's the kind of autistic outburst he and his family can live with.
Parasites, Pets and Kids
Parasites, Pets, and Kids
Know the facts: Don’t expose your children!
· Hookworms and roundworms can be harbored by your dog or cat and transmitted to children who are living in homes with pets. In some cases these parasites can cause blindness in humans. It is thought that 30% to 50% of dogs and cats carry gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and that 1 to 3 million people in the U.S. have infections from the same parasites carried by pets. Children, the elderly and immunocompromised people are at high risk.
· Dogs get infected with hookworms and roundworms by walking places where other dogs have defecated. The microscopic roundworm eggs and hookworm larvae end up on your dog’s feet. Your dog then licks his feet and infects him or herself with these GI parasites. Three weeks later, your dog is shedding hookworm eggs and larvae from his GI tract. If your dog licks his anus and then licks your child, or if your child pets your dog, he or she can become infected with these parasites.
· Dogs can get ticks that spread Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, and tularemia, which can affect people if the ticks detach from the dog and attach themselves to your child. This could be a risk factor for your children if the family dog or cat sleeps in their bed.
· Cats get infected with hookworms and tapeworms by hunting prey. Even if your cat lives indoors, the ingestion of one house mouse can expose your cat to GI parasites. Cats with a flea infestation can spread cat scratch fever to children, elderly people, or immunocompromised (AIDS, cancer patients, organ transplant recipients) people.
How Can You Prevent the Risk of Spreading Parasites to Your Children?
· Keep your dog on monthly heartworm preventative all year. This medication helps to prevent hookworms and roundworms in your dog. Keep your dog on topical flea and tick control all year.
· Scoop the yard where your dog defecates at least weekly, ideally daily, as worm eggs and larvae are found in stool and can contaminate the environment.
· Bring your pet’s stool sample to your veterinarian at least twice per year and ideally four times per year. You do not have to bring your pet into the veterinary hospital for this service. The stool should be fresh. Many veterinarians will provide a special cup that allows specimen collection without touching the stool.
· Keep your cat on heartworm prevention once per month all year. This medication eliminates hookworms that could be potentially spread to humans in the household. It also kills fleas, which can be culprits in spreading cat scratch disease (cat scratch fever).
· Teach your children to wash their hands before eating, especially if they have recently handled their pet.
Know the facts: Don’t expose your children!
· Hookworms and roundworms can be harbored by your dog or cat and transmitted to children who are living in homes with pets. In some cases these parasites can cause blindness in humans. It is thought that 30% to 50% of dogs and cats carry gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and that 1 to 3 million people in the U.S. have infections from the same parasites carried by pets. Children, the elderly and immunocompromised people are at high risk.
· Dogs get infected with hookworms and roundworms by walking places where other dogs have defecated. The microscopic roundworm eggs and hookworm larvae end up on your dog’s feet. Your dog then licks his feet and infects him or herself with these GI parasites. Three weeks later, your dog is shedding hookworm eggs and larvae from his GI tract. If your dog licks his anus and then licks your child, or if your child pets your dog, he or she can become infected with these parasites.
· Dogs can get ticks that spread Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, and tularemia, which can affect people if the ticks detach from the dog and attach themselves to your child. This could be a risk factor for your children if the family dog or cat sleeps in their bed.
· Cats get infected with hookworms and tapeworms by hunting prey. Even if your cat lives indoors, the ingestion of one house mouse can expose your cat to GI parasites. Cats with a flea infestation can spread cat scratch fever to children, elderly people, or immunocompromised (AIDS, cancer patients, organ transplant recipients) people.
How Can You Prevent the Risk of Spreading Parasites to Your Children?
· Keep your dog on monthly heartworm preventative all year. This medication helps to prevent hookworms and roundworms in your dog. Keep your dog on topical flea and tick control all year.
· Scoop the yard where your dog defecates at least weekly, ideally daily, as worm eggs and larvae are found in stool and can contaminate the environment.
· Bring your pet’s stool sample to your veterinarian at least twice per year and ideally four times per year. You do not have to bring your pet into the veterinary hospital for this service. The stool should be fresh. Many veterinarians will provide a special cup that allows specimen collection without touching the stool.
· Keep your cat on heartworm prevention once per month all year. This medication eliminates hookworms that could be potentially spread to humans in the household. It also kills fleas, which can be culprits in spreading cat scratch disease (cat scratch fever).
· Teach your children to wash their hands before eating, especially if they have recently handled their pet.
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